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Mobility

Population mobility and migration over the past 5 years. — 2021 Census of Population

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Movers (%)

Moved within the past 5 years

Distribution by riding

Share of residents who moved in the previous five years by federal riding, 2021 Census. Median 38.1%; range 22.3% (Terra Nova—The Peninsulas) to 70.8% (Spadina—Harbourfront); half of ridings between 33.9% and 43.0%. Canada: 39.0%.

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  • Canada 39.0%

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Vertical axis: Share of residents who moved in the previous five years (%)

Each dot is one federal riding (343 with a figure; 2023 Representation Order), placed by its value and spread across the axis so that dots do not overlap. The line marks the value for Canada as a whole (39.0%). Prairies: Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba. Atlantic: New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, and Newfoundland and Labrador. North: Yukon, the Northwest Territories and Nunavut.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

Highest and lowest ridings

Share of residents who moved in the previous five years by federal riding, 2021 Census. 343 ridings ranked from highest (1) to lowest; tied values share a rank. Bars start at zero on one scale; the vertical line marks the value for Canada (39.0%).

10 highest

The 10 ridings with the highest values: share of residents who moved in the previous five years, 2021 Census
RankRidingBarValue
1Spadina—HarbourfrontON70.8%
2Ville-Marie—Le Sud-Ouest—Île-des-SoeursQC62.8%
3Calgary CentreAB61.1%
4Vancouver CentreBC59.2%
5Laurier—Sainte-MarieQC59.1%
6HalifaxNS56.6%
7Edmonton CentreAB54.3%
8Toronto CentreON54.0%
9OutremontQC52.5%
10KelownaBC51.6%

10 lowest

The 10 ridings with the lowest values: share of residents who moved in the previous five years, 2021 Census, lowest first
RankRidingBarValue
343Terra Nova—The PeninsulasNL22.3%
342Acadie—BathurstNB24.5%
341Vaughan—WoodbridgeON25.4%
339Cape Breton—Canso—AntigonishNS26.0%
339Scarborough—Guildwood—Rouge ParkON26.0%
338AvalonNL26.5%
337Central NewfoundlandNL26.6%
336Markham—ThornhillON26.8%
335Miramichi—Grand LakeNB26.9%
334Gaspésie—Les Îles-de-la-Madeleine—ListugujQC27.0%
All 343 ridings, ranked
All ridings ranked by share of residents who moved in the previous five years, 2021 Census, highest first
RankRidingProvince or territoryValue
1Spadina—HarbourfrontOntario70.8%
2Ville-Marie—Le Sud-Ouest—Île-des-SoeursQuebec62.8%
3Calgary CentreAlberta61.1%
4Vancouver CentreBritish Columbia59.2%
5Laurier—Sainte-MarieQuebec59.1%
6HalifaxNova Scotia56.6%
7Edmonton CentreAlberta54.3%
8Toronto CentreOntario54.0%
9OutremontQuebec52.5%
10KelownaBritish Columbia51.6%
11University—RosedaleOntario51.1%
12London CentreOntario50.4%
13Calgary ConfederationAlberta49.9%
13Rosemont—La Petite-PatrieQuebec49.9%
15Ottawa CentreOntario49.8%
15SherbrookeQuebec49.8%
17Calgary SkyviewAlberta49.7%
17Hochelaga—Rosemont-EstQuebec49.7%
19CharlottetownPrince Edward Island49.5%
19VictoriaBritish Columbia49.5%
21Moncton—DieppeNew Brunswick49.3%
22Brampton WestOntario49.1%
23Edmonton StrathconaAlberta48.9%
23Québec CentreQuebec48.9%
23Winnipeg CentreManitoba48.9%
26Surrey CentreBritish Columbia48.6%
27Chilliwack—HopeBritish Columbia48.4%
28Edmonton GatewayAlberta47.9%
29Fredericton—OromoctoNew Brunswick47.8%
30Airdrie—CochraneAlberta47.7%
31South Surrey—White RockBritish Columbia47.5%
32Okanagan Lake West—South KelownaBritish Columbia47.3%
33Vancouver GranvilleBritish Columbia47.1%
33WaterlooOntario47.1%
35Ottawa—Vanier—GloucesterOntario47.0%
35PapineauQuebec47.0%
35Winnipeg SouthManitoba47.0%
38Cowichan—Malahat—LangfordBritish Columbia46.7%
39Rivière-du-NordQuebec46.6%
40Halifax WestNova Scotia46.4%
41Nanaimo—LadysmithBritish Columbia46.1%
42Surrey NewtonBritish Columbia46.0%
43New Tecumseth—GwillimburyOntario45.9%
44Abbotsford—South LangleyBritish Columbia45.8%
45Saskatoon SouthSaskatchewan45.7%
45Vancouver QuadraBritish Columbia45.7%
47Cloverdale—Langley CityBritish Columbia45.6%
47WillowdaleOntario45.6%
49Burnaby CentralBritish Columbia45.4%
50Kingston and the IslandsOntario45.3%
50Saskatoon—UniversitySaskatchewan45.3%
52Kamloops—Thompson—NicolaBritish Columbia45.2%
52YukonYukon45.2%
54Longueuil—Charles-LeMoyneQuebec45.1%
54New Westminster—Burnaby—MaillardvilleBritish Columbia45.1%
54Vernon—Lake Country—MonasheeBritish Columbia45.1%
54West Vancouver—Sunshine Coast—Sea to Sky CountryBritish Columbia45.1%
58Similkameen—South Okanagan—West KootenayBritish Columbia44.9%
59Saskatoon WestSaskatchewan44.8%
60Hamilton CentreOntario44.7%
60Vancouver EastBritish Columbia44.7%
62Notre-Dame-de-Grâce—WestmountQuebec44.6%
63Hull—AylmerQuebec44.2%
63LaSalle—Émard—VerdunQuebec44.2%
63Regina—WascanaSaskatchewan44.2%
66Langley Township—Fraser HeightsBritish Columbia44.1%
67Calgary ShepardAlberta44.0%
67Oakville EastOntario44.0%
69Edmonton RiverbendAlberta43.8%
70Beauport—LimoilouQuebec43.7%
70Courtenay—AlberniBritish Columbia43.7%
70Longueuil—Saint-HubertQuebec43.7%
70MirabelQuebec43.7%
70VimyQuebec43.7%
75Kitchener CentreOntario43.6%
75North Vancouver—CapilanoBritish Columbia43.6%
77Kitchener South—HespelerOntario43.5%
77Louis-HébertQuebec43.5%
79LethbridgeAlberta43.4%
80Les Pays-d'en-HautQuebec43.3%
80Toronto—St. Paul'sOntario43.3%
82Kamloops—Shuswap—Central RockiesBritish Columbia43.2%
82Simcoe—GreyOntario43.2%
84Bowmanville—Oshawa NorthOntario43.1%
84Edmonton WestAlberta43.1%
86Esquimalt—Saanich—SookeBritish Columbia43.0%
87Richmond Centre—MarpoleBritish Columbia42.9%
88Barrie South—InnisfilOntario42.8%
88Brampton SouthOntario42.8%
88Fort McMurray—Cold LakeAlberta42.8%
88Grande PrairieAlberta42.8%
92Mount RoyalQuebec42.4%
93Winnipeg South CentreManitoba42.3%
94Edmonton ManningAlberta42.2%
95BourassaQuebec42.0%
95Cariboo—Prince GeorgeBritish Columbia42.0%
95Prince George—Peace River—Northern RockiesBritish Columbia42.0%
95Saint-LaurentQuebec42.0%
95Trois-RivièresQuebec42.0%
100Bay of QuinteOntario41.9%
100Dorval—Lachine—LaSalleQuebec41.9%
100Pitt Meadows—Maple RidgeBritish Columbia41.9%
100Red DeerAlberta41.9%
104Burlington North—Milton WestOntario41.8%
104GuelphOntario41.8%
104North Island—Powell RiverBritish Columbia41.8%
104Saint John—KennebecasisNew Brunswick41.8%
108Brome—MissisquoiQuebec41.7%
108Edmonton SoutheastAlberta41.7%
108Northwest TerritoriesNorthwest Territories41.7%
111Barrie—Springwater—Oro-MedonteOntario41.6%
111Edmonton GriesbachAlberta41.6%
113Ahuntsic-CartiervilleQuebec41.5%
113Columbia—Kootenay—Southern RockiesBritish Columbia41.5%
113Joliette—ManawanQuebec41.5%
116Coquitlam—Port CoquitlamBritish Columbia41.4%
116Mission—Matsqui—AbbotsfordBritish Columbia41.4%
118Ottawa West—NepeanOntario41.3%
119London WestOntario41.1%
119MontcalmQuebec41.1%
121Brampton North—CaledonOntario41.0%
121Ottawa SouthOntario41.0%
123Simcoe NorthOntario40.9%
123Windsor WestOntario40.9%
125Brossard—Saint-LambertQuebec40.8%
126Argenteuil—La Petite-NationQuebec40.7%
126OxfordOntario40.7%
126Regina—LewvanSaskatchewan40.7%
129Calgary MidnaporeAlberta40.6%
129Laurentides—LabelleQuebec40.6%
131La Pointe-de-l'ÎleQuebec40.5%
131Saint-JeanQuebec40.5%
131YellowheadAlberta40.5%
134Edmonton NorthwestAlberta40.4%
135Fleetwood—Port KellsBritish Columbia40.1%
136Beauharnois—Salaberry—Soulanges—HuntingdonQuebec40.0%
136Etobicoke—LakeshoreOntario40.0%
136OshawaOntario40.0%
139Elmwood—TransconaManitoba39.9%
140Brandon—SourisManitoba39.8%
140Don Valley NorthOntario39.8%
140MalpequePrince Edward Island39.8%
140SheffordQuebec39.8%
140Thérèse-De BlainvilleQuebec39.8%
145Elgin—St. Thomas—London SouthOntario39.7%
145La Prairie—AtatekenQuebec39.7%
145Pontiac—Kitigan ZibiQuebec39.7%
148Niagara SouthOntario39.6%
149Parry Sound—MuskokaOntario39.5%
150Burnaby North—SeymourBritish Columbia39.4%
150Saint-Léonard—Saint-MichelQuebec39.4%
152SudburyOntario39.3%
153Medicine Hat—Cardston—WarnerAlberta39.2%
154St. Boniface—St. VitalManitoba39.1%
155Algonquin—Renfrew—PembrokeOntario39.0%
155Middlesex—LondonOntario39.0%
155Winnipeg NorthManitoba39.0%
158GatineauQuebec38.9%
158London—FanshaweOntario38.9%
158Newmarket—AuroraOntario38.9%
161DrummondQuebec38.8%
161NepeanOntario38.8%
163Dartmouth—Cole HarbourNova Scotia38.7%
164Brampton CentreOntario38.6%
164St. CatharinesOntario38.6%
166Nipissing—TimiskamingOntario38.5%
167Beloeil—ChamblyQuebec38.4%
167Skeena—Bulkley ValleyBritish Columbia38.4%
169Leduc—WetaskiwinAlberta38.3%
169Mississauga CentreOntario38.3%
171EgmontPrince Edward Island38.1%
171Ponoka—DidsburyAlberta38.1%
171Saanich—Gulf IslandsBritish Columbia38.1%
174Calgary Signal HillAlberta38.0%
175CarletonOntario37.9%
175ParklandAlberta37.9%
175Port Moody—CoquitlamBritish Columbia37.9%
175Prince AlbertSaskatchewan37.9%
175ProvencherManitoba37.9%
180Saint-Hyacinthe—Bagot—ActonQuebec37.8%
181Brantford—Brant South—Six NationsOntario37.7%
181CambridgeOntario37.7%
181Portage—LisgarManitoba37.7%
184Calgary EastAlberta37.6%
184Prescott—Russell—CumberlandOntario37.6%
186DeltaBritish Columbia37.5%
186PeterboroughOntario37.5%
186Regina—Qu'AppelleSaskatchewan37.5%
186Vancouver Fraserview—South BurnabyBritish Columbia37.5%
190St. John's EastNewfoundland and Labrador37.4%
191Niagara Falls—Niagara-on-the-LakeOntario37.3%
191Vancouver KingswayBritish Columbia37.3%
191VaudreuilQuebec37.3%
194CardiganPrince Edward Island37.2%
195TerrebonneQuebec37.1%
196KanataOntario37.0%
196Louis-Saint-Laurent—AkiawenhrahkQuebec37.0%
198Bruce—Grey—Owen SoundOntario36.9%
199Brampton—Chinguacousy ParkOntario36.7%
199Sackville—Bedford—PrestonNova Scotia36.7%
201Lanark—FrontenacOntario36.6%
202Calgary McKnightAlberta36.5%
202Charlesbourg—Haute-Saint-CharlesQuebec36.5%
202Rivière-des-Mille-ÎlesQuebec36.5%
205Hastings—Lennox and Addington—TyendinagaOntario36.4%
206Châteauguay—Les Jardins-de-NapiervilleQuebec36.3%
207Bow RiverAlberta36.1%
207Northumberland—ClarkeOntario36.1%
207Taiaiako'n—Parkdale—High ParkOntario36.1%
210Milton East—Halton Hills SouthOntario36.0%
210OrléansOntario36.0%
212FoothillsAlberta35.8%
212Leeds—Grenville—Thousand Islands—Rideau LakesOntario35.8%
212Richmond Hill SouthOntario35.8%
215Compton—StansteadQuebec35.7%
215Stormont—Dundas—GlengarryOntario35.7%
215Wellington—Halton Hills NorthOntario35.7%
215WhitbyOntario35.7%
219RepentignyQuebec35.5%
219Richmond East—StevestonBritish Columbia35.5%
221Windsor—Tecumseh—LakeshoreOntario35.3%
222Calgary CrowfootAlberta35.2%
222Haliburton—Kawartha LakesOntario35.2%
224Calgary Nose HillAlberta35.1%
225Kapuskasing—Timmins—MushkegowukOntario35.0%
225Kildonan—St. PaulManitoba35.0%
225Portneuf—Jacques-CartierQuebec35.0%
228Cumberland—ColchesterNova Scotia34.9%
228DavenportOntario34.9%
228Hamilton East—Stoney CreekOntario34.9%
228Oakville WestOntario34.9%
228Perth—WellingtonOntario34.9%
233BurlingtonOntario34.8%
233Moose Jaw—Lake Centre—LaniganSaskatchewan34.8%
233Peace River—WestlockAlberta34.8%
236Don Valley WestOntario34.7%
236Sherwood Park—Fort SaskatchewanAlberta34.7%
238Battlefords—Lloydminster—Meadow LakeSaskatchewan34.6%
238Berthier—MaskinongéQuebec34.6%
238Kings—HantsNova Scotia34.6%
238St. Albert—Sturgeon RiverAlberta34.6%
242BeauséjourNew Brunswick34.5%
242Mississauga East—CooksvilleOntario34.5%
242Scarborough—AgincourtOntario34.5%
245Sault Ste. Marie—AlgomaOntario34.3%
245Thunder Bay—Superior NorthOntario34.3%
247Bellechasse—Les Etchemins—LévisQuebec34.2%
247Calgary HeritageAlberta34.2%
247Hamilton West—Ancaster—DundasOntario34.2%
247Kitchener—ConestogaOntario34.2%
247NunavutNunavut34.2%
247Richmond—ArthabaskaQuebec34.2%
247Sarnia—Lambton—BkejwanongOntario34.2%
254Mont-Saint-Bruno—L’AcadieQuebec34.1%
254Winnipeg WestManitoba34.1%
256Abitibi—TémiscamingueQuebec34.0%
256Chicoutimi—Le FjordQuebec34.0%
258Dufferin—CaledonOntario33.9%
258Flamborough—Glanbrook—Brant NorthOntario33.9%
258Pierre-Boucher—Les Patriotes—VerchèresQuebec33.9%
261Brampton EastOntario33.8%
261Markham—StouffvilleOntario33.8%
263Aurora—Oak Ridges—Richmond HillOntario33.7%
264Acadie—AnnapolisNova Scotia33.6%
265Battle River—CrowfootAlberta33.5%
265Bécancour—Nicolet—Saurel—AlnôbakQuebec33.5%
265King—VaughanOntario33.5%
268Chatham-Kent—LeamingtonOntario33.4%
268Niagara WestOntario33.4%
270Scarborough—WoburnOntario33.3%
270Swift Current—Grasslands—KindersleySaskatchewan33.3%
270York CentreOntario33.3%
270York—DurhamOntario33.3%
274Huron—BruceOntario33.2%
275Abitibi—Baie-James—Nunavik—EeyouQuebec33.0%
275Carlton Trail—Eagle CreekSaskatchewan33.0%
275Saint-Maurice—ChamplainQuebec33.0%
278Mississauga—Erin MillsOntario32.9%
278Riding MountainManitoba32.9%
280AjaxOntario32.8%
280Lévis—LotbinièreQuebec32.8%
282LabradorNewfoundland and Labrador32.7%
282LakelandAlberta32.7%
284EssexOntario32.6%
284Haldimand—NorfolkOntario32.6%
284Rimouski—La MatapédiaQuebec32.6%
284Selkirk—Interlake—EastmanManitoba32.6%
288Saint John—St. CroixNew Brunswick32.5%
288ThornhillOntario32.5%
288Thunder Bay—Rainy RiverOntario32.5%
291Churchill—Keewatinook AskiManitoba32.4%
291Honoré-MercierQuebec32.4%
291Markham—UnionvilleOntario32.4%
291Pickering—BrooklinOntario32.4%
295Alfred-PellanQuebec32.3%
295Eglinton—LawrenceOntario32.3%
295Scarborough Centre—Don Valley EastOntario32.3%
298Cape SpearNewfoundland and Labrador32.2%
298Fundy RoyalNew Brunswick32.2%
300Mississauga—LakeshoreOntario32.1%
301Beaches—East YorkOntario32.0%
301Laval—Les ÎlesQuebec32.0%
303Scarborough SouthwestOntario31.7%
303Souris—Moose MountainSaskatchewan31.7%
305Kenora—KiiwetinoongOntario31.6%
306JonquièreQuebec31.5%
307Toronto—DanforthOntario31.3%
307Yorkton—MelvilleSaskatchewan31.3%
309Mississauga—MaltonOntario31.2%
310Etobicoke CentreOntario31.1%
310Humber River—Black CreekOntario31.1%
312Sudbury East—Manitoulin—Nickel BeltOntario31.0%
313Hamilton MountainOntario30.9%
314Desnethé—Missinippi—Churchill RiverSaskatchewan30.8%
315Montmorency—CharlevoixQuebec30.6%
316Tobique—MactaquacNew Brunswick30.3%
317Lac-Saint-LouisQuebec30.2%
318Etobicoke NorthOntario30.0%
318Pierrefonds—DollardQuebec30.0%
320Côte-du-Sud—Rivière-du-Loup—Kataskomiq—TémiscouataQuebec29.7%
321Marc-Aurèle-FortinQuebec29.4%
321Mégantic—L’Érable—LotbinièreQuebec29.4%
321South Shore—St. MargaretsNova Scotia29.4%
324BeauceQuebec29.2%
324Lac-Saint-JeanQuebec29.2%
326Côte-Nord—Kawawachikamach—NitassinanQuebec28.7%
327Central NovaNova Scotia28.4%
327Mississauga—StreetsvilleOntario28.4%
329Madawaska—RestigoucheNew Brunswick28.2%
330Scarborough NorthOntario28.0%
330Sydney—Glace BayNova Scotia28.0%
332York South—Weston—EtobicokeOntario27.6%
333Long Range MountainsNewfoundland and Labrador27.1%
334Gaspésie—Les Îles-de-la-Madeleine—ListugujQuebec27.0%
335Miramichi—Grand LakeNew Brunswick26.9%
336Markham—ThornhillOntario26.8%
337Central NewfoundlandNewfoundland and Labrador26.6%
338AvalonNewfoundland and Labrador26.5%
339Cape Breton—Canso—AntigonishNova Scotia26.0%
339Scarborough—Guildwood—Rouge ParkOntario26.0%
341Vaughan—WoodbridgeOntario25.4%
342Acadie—BathurstNew Brunswick24.5%
343Terra Nova—The PeninsulasNewfoundland and Labrador22.3%

Value: Moved within the past 5 years. Riding names link to the riding's dissemination-area map for this topic.

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Mobility — 2021 Census

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Mobility in Canada

Mobility — whether people stayed put or moved — captures the restlessness and rootedness of Canadian communities. The 2021 Census found that 39.6 percent of Canadians aged five and over had moved in the previous five years, while 60.4 percent lived at the same address as in 2016. Among movers, most relocated within the same municipality, but 3.6 percent moved from a different province and 4.5 percent came from outside Canada. The mobility map reveals which communities are transient and which are stable, with implications for social cohesion, voter engagement, and housing demand.

Movers

The most transient ridings are downtown cores with dense rental housing and large student and immigrant populations. Spadina–Harbourfront leads at 70.5 percent — more than two in three residents moved in the previous five years. Ville-Marie (62.6%), Calgary Centre (61.3%), and Laurier–Sainte-Marie (59.2%) follow. These are ridings of renters, young professionals, and newcomers who change addresses frequently.

The pandemic may have amplified this pattern: downtown residents were more likely to relocate during COVID lockdowns, seeking more space or lower rents.

Non-Movers (Stability)

The most stable communities are the inverse: aging, homeowning populations in rural and suburban ridings. Terra Nova–The Peninsulas leads at 77.7 percent non-movers, followed by Acadie–Bathurst (75.5%) and Vaughan–Woodbridge (74.6%). Terra Nova and Acadie–Bathurst are aging communities with few newcomers and limited housing turnover. Vaughan–Woodbridge is more surprising — an affluent GTA suburb where Italian-Canadian families have owned their homes for decades and have no reason to move.

External Migrants

External migration — people who lived outside Canada five years earlier — tracks closely with immigration settlement patterns. Ville-Marie–Le Sud-Ouest leads at 20.9 percent, reflecting Montreal's large international student intake. Outremont (17.7%), Vancouver Centre (16.8%), and Spadina–Harbourfront (16.0%) follow. These ridings receive the first wave of newcomers who later disperse to suburbs.

Interprovincial Migration

Interprovincial migration reveals which provinces are gaining and losing Canadians. Yukon leads at 13.4 percent, reflecting the territory's transient workforce. Halifax (12.9%) is the top provincial riding, benefiting from Atlantic Canada's post-pandemic population boom as remote workers and retirees discovered affordable Maritime cities. The BC ridings on the list (Columbia–Kootenay, Okanagan, Kelowna) represent Albertans and Ontarians relocating to BC's interior for lifestyle reasons.

Riding Rankings

Most Transient Ridings (Highest Movers %)

RankRidingMovers %
1Spadina–Harbourfront70.5%
2Ville-Marie–Le Sud-Ouest–Île-des-Soeurs62.6%
3Calgary Centre61.3%
4Laurier–Sainte-Marie59.2%
5Vancouver Centre59.2%
6Halifax56.6%
7Edmonton Centre54.4%
8Toronto Centre54.2%
9Outremont52.4%
10Calgary Centre-North51.8%

Every major Canadian city is represented: Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver, Calgary, Edmonton, Halifax. These are ridings where the population churns constantly — renters move for better deals, immigrants arrive and settle, students graduate and leave, professionals follow job opportunities. Community institutions must constantly rebuild their base.

Most Stable Ridings (Highest Non-Movers %)

RankRidingNon-Movers %
1Terra Nova–The Peninsulas77.7%
2Acadie–Bathurst75.5%
3Vaughan–Woodbridge74.6%
4Cape Breton–Canso–Antigonish73.9%
5Scarborough–Guildwood–Rouge Park73.8%
6Central Newfoundland73.5%
7Avalon73.4%
8Miramichi–Grand Lake73.2%
9Gaspésie–Les Îles-de-la-Madeleine–Listuguj73.0%
10South Shore–St. Margarets72.5%

Atlantic Canada dominates, with five of the top ten ridings in Newfoundland and New Brunswick. These are communities where people are born, live, and die — not by choice but because there are few economic incentives to move and deep social ties keeping people in place. Vaughan–Woodbridge and Scarborough–Guildwood represent a different kind of stability: established immigrant communities who bought homes decades ago and now anchor multi-generational households.

Highest External Migration Rate

RankRidingExternal Migrants %
1Ville-Marie–Le Sud-Ouest–Île-des-Soeurs20.9%
2Outremont17.7%
3Vancouver Centre16.8%
4Spadina–Harbourfront16.0%
5Laurier–Sainte-Marie15.9%
6Willowdale15.4%
7Surrey Centre15.3%
8Winnipeg South14.8%
9Surrey Newton14.7%
10Brampton South13.9%

Montreal's dominance (three of top five) reflects its dual role as both an international student destination and a primary immigrant gateway. The GTA and Surrey ridings represent family-reunification and economic immigration. Winnipeg South's appearance reflects Manitoba's aggressive Provincial Nominee Program, which has made Winnipeg one of Canada's fastest-growing immigration destinations.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population. Riding boundaries reflect the 2022 Federal Electoral Districts. Adapted from Statistics Canada; this does not constitute an endorsement by Statistics Canada of this product.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population. Adapted from Statistics Canada, Census of Population, 2021. This does not constitute an endorsement by Statistics Canada of this product.