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Marital Status

Marital status distribution for the population aged 15 and over. — 2021 Census of Population

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Married (%)

Legally married (not common-law)

Distribution by riding

Share of adults who are married by federal riding, 2021 Census. Median 46.8%; range 17.0% (Laurier—Sainte-Marie) to 59.2% (Markham—Stouffville); half of ridings between 37.3% and 51.1%. Canada: 44.3%.

Colour

  • Canada 44.3%

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Vertical axis: Share of adults who are married (%)

Each dot is one federal riding (343 with a figure; 2023 Representation Order), placed by its value and spread across the axis so that dots do not overlap. The line marks the value for Canada as a whole (44.3%). Prairies: Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba. Atlantic: New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, and Newfoundland and Labrador. North: Yukon, the Northwest Territories and Nunavut.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

Highest and lowest ridings

Share of adults who are married by federal riding, 2021 Census. 343 ridings ranked from highest (1) to lowest; tied values share a rank. Bars start at zero on one scale; the vertical line marks the value for Canada (44.3%).

10 highest

The 10 ridings with the highest values: share of adults who are married, 2021 Census
RankRidingBarValue
1Markham—StouffvilleON59.2%
2Markham—UnionvilleON58.6%
3Brampton WestON58.3%
3Calgary SkyviewAB58.3%
3Carlton Trail—Eagle CreekSK58.3%
6Aurora—Oak Ridges—Richmond HillON57.9%
6Brampton EastON57.9%
6Burlington North—Milton WestON57.9%
9CarletonON57.8%
9Oakville EastON57.8%

10 lowest

The 10 ridings with the lowest values: share of adults who are married, 2021 Census, lowest first
RankRidingBarValue
343Laurier—Sainte-MarieQC17.0%
342Rosemont—La Petite-PatrieQC18.0%
341Québec CentreQC21.2%
340Hochelaga—Rosemont-EstQC22.7%
339Beauport—LimoilouQC24.2%
338NunavutNU25.1%
337SherbrookeQC25.2%
336Trois-RivièresQC25.6%
335Toronto CentreON25.9%
334Rivière-du-NordQC26.1%
All 343 ridings, ranked
All ridings ranked by share of adults who are married, 2021 Census, highest first
RankRidingProvince or territoryValue
1Markham—StouffvilleOntario59.2%
2Markham—UnionvilleOntario58.6%
3Brampton WestOntario58.3%
3Calgary SkyviewAlberta58.3%
3Carlton Trail—Eagle CreekSaskatchewan58.3%
6Aurora—Oak Ridges—Richmond HillOntario57.9%
6Brampton EastOntario57.9%
6Burlington North—Milton WestOntario57.9%
9CarletonOntario57.8%
9Oakville EastOntario57.8%
11Portage—LisgarManitoba57.7%
12King—VaughanOntario57.6%
13ProvencherManitoba57.5%
14Markham—ThornhillOntario57.4%
15Flamborough—Glanbrook—Brant NorthOntario57.2%
16Brampton North—CaledonOntario57.1%
17Calgary CrowfootAlberta56.9%
18Kitchener—ConestogaOntario56.5%
18Langley Township—Fraser HeightsBritish Columbia56.5%
20Milton East—Halton Hills SouthOntario56.4%
21Middlesex—LondonOntario56.3%
22Vaughan—WoodbridgeOntario56.2%
23Oakville WestOntario56.1%
24ThornhillOntario56.0%
25Edmonton RiverbendAlberta55.7%
26EssexOntario55.6%
27Swift Current—Grasslands—KindersleySaskatchewan55.4%
28Calgary ShepardAlberta55.3%
29Airdrie—CochraneAlberta55.1%
30Bow RiverAlberta54.9%
30Mississauga—StreetsvilleOntario54.9%
30Terra Nova—The PeninsulasNewfoundland and Labrador54.9%
33Brampton SouthOntario54.8%
33DeltaBritish Columbia54.8%
33Mississauga—Erin MillsOntario54.8%
36Richmond Hill SouthOntario54.7%
36Sherwood Park—Fort SaskatchewanAlberta54.7%
38Central NewfoundlandNewfoundland and Labrador54.6%
38Mission—Matsqui—AbbotsfordBritish Columbia54.6%
38Niagara WestOntario54.6%
41FoothillsAlberta54.5%
41Richmond East—StevestonBritish Columbia54.5%
41South Surrey—White RockBritish Columbia54.5%
44Surrey NewtonBritish Columbia54.4%
44Wellington—Halton Hills NorthOntario54.4%
46Fleetwood—Port KellsBritish Columbia54.3%
46KanataOntario54.3%
48Huron—BruceOntario54.1%
49New Tecumseth—GwillimburyOntario53.9%
50Edmonton SoutheastAlberta53.7%
51St. Albert—Sturgeon RiverAlberta53.5%
52Coquitlam—Port CoquitlamBritish Columbia53.4%
52MalpequePrince Edward Island53.4%
54Moose Jaw—Lake Centre—LaniganSaskatchewan53.1%
54Newmarket—AuroraOntario53.1%
56Battle River—CrowfootAlberta53.0%
56Calgary Signal HillAlberta53.0%
58Calgary McKnightAlberta52.9%
58NepeanOntario52.9%
60Edmonton GatewayAlberta52.8%
60Pickering—BrooklinOntario52.8%
62AjaxOntario52.6%
62Port Moody—CoquitlamBritish Columbia52.6%
64OrléansOntario52.5%
65Dufferin—CaledonOntario52.4%
66Calgary MidnaporeAlberta52.3%
66Perth—WellingtonOntario52.3%
68Medicine Hat—Cardston—WarnerAlberta52.2%
68Okanagan Lake West—South KelownaBritish Columbia52.2%
68Souris—Moose MountainSaskatchewan52.2%
71Calgary HeritageAlberta52.1%
71ParklandAlberta52.1%
71WhitbyOntario52.1%
74Ponoka—DidsburyAlberta52.0%
74Winnipeg SouthManitoba52.0%
76Tobique—MactaquacNew Brunswick51.8%
77AvalonNewfoundland and Labrador51.7%
77Cloverdale—Langley CityBritish Columbia51.7%
79Mississauga CentreOntario51.6%
79Yorkton—MelvilleSaskatchewan51.6%
81Haldimand—NorfolkOntario51.5%
81Lanark—FrontenacOntario51.5%
83Mississauga—MaltonOntario51.3%
84Elgin—St. Thomas—London SouthOntario51.1%
84Haliburton—Kawartha LakesOntario51.1%
84Sackville—Bedford—PrestonNova Scotia51.1%
87Selkirk—Interlake—EastmanManitoba51.0%
88Bowmanville—Oshawa NorthOntario50.9%
88Calgary Nose HillAlberta50.9%
88OxfordOntario50.9%
88Richmond Centre—MarpoleBritish Columbia50.9%
88Saanich—Gulf IslandsBritish Columbia50.9%
93Simcoe—GreyOntario50.8%
94Lac-Saint-LouisQuebec50.7%
94Northumberland—ClarkeOntario50.7%
96Pitt Meadows—Maple RidgeBritish Columbia50.6%
97BurlingtonOntario50.5%
98Bruce—Grey—Owen SoundOntario50.4%
98Edmonton WestAlberta50.4%
98Leduc—WetaskiwinAlberta50.4%
101Fundy RoyalNew Brunswick50.3%
101Scarborough NorthOntario50.3%
103Don Valley NorthOntario50.2%
103York—DurhamOntario50.2%
105Burnaby North—SeymourBritish Columbia50.1%
105Hastings—Lennox and Addington—TyendinagaOntario50.1%
105Kildonan—St. PaulManitoba50.1%
105Kitchener South—HespelerOntario50.1%
105YellowheadAlberta50.1%
110LakelandAlberta50.0%
111CardiganPrince Edward Island49.9%
111Mississauga—LakeshoreOntario49.9%
113Leeds—Grenville—Thousand Islands—Rideau LakesOntario49.7%
113London WestOntario49.7%
113Long Range MountainsNewfoundland and Labrador49.7%
113Pierrefonds—DollardQuebec49.7%
113South Shore—St. MargaretsNova Scotia49.7%
118Edmonton NorthwestAlberta49.6%
118Parry Sound—MuskokaOntario49.6%
118Saint John—St. CroixNew Brunswick49.6%
121Mississauga East—CooksvilleOntario49.5%
122Brandon—SourisManitoba49.4%
122Hamilton West—Ancaster—DundasOntario49.4%
122Regina—LewvanSaskatchewan49.4%
122Sarnia—Lambton—BkejwanongOntario49.4%
126Scarborough—AgincourtOntario49.3%
126Vancouver Fraserview—South BurnabyBritish Columbia49.3%
126Vernon—Lake Country—MonasheeBritish Columbia49.3%
129Kamloops—Shuswap—Central RockiesBritish Columbia49.2%
130Chilliwack—HopeBritish Columbia49.1%
131Saskatoon SouthSaskatchewan49.0%
132Brampton—Chinguacousy ParkOntario48.9%
132Don Valley WestOntario48.9%
134Abbotsford—South LangleyBritish Columbia48.7%
135Hamilton East—Stoney CreekOntario48.6%
136BeauséjourNew Brunswick48.5%
136Etobicoke CentreOntario48.5%
138EgmontPrince Edward Island48.4%
138Riding MountainManitoba48.4%
138Scarborough—Guildwood—Rouge ParkOntario48.4%
138Sudbury East—Manitoulin—Nickel BeltOntario48.4%
142Algonquin—Renfrew—PembrokeOntario48.3%
142Chatham-Kent—LeamingtonOntario48.3%
142Saskatoon—UniversitySaskatchewan48.3%
145Courtenay—AlberniBritish Columbia48.2%
145LethbridgeAlberta48.2%
145North Vancouver—CapilanoBritish Columbia48.2%
148Winnipeg WestManitoba48.1%
149Central NovaNova Scotia47.9%
149Peace River—WestlockAlberta47.9%
151Barrie South—InnisfilOntario47.8%
151North Island—Powell RiverBritish Columbia47.8%
151Prescott—Russell—CumberlandOntario47.8%
151Similkameen—South Okanagan—West KootenayBritish Columbia47.8%
155Acadie—AnnapolisNova Scotia47.7%
155Fort McMurray—Cold LakeAlberta47.7%
155West Vancouver—Sunshine Coast—Sea to Sky CountryBritish Columbia47.7%
158Burnaby CentralBritish Columbia47.6%
158Saint-LaurentQuebec47.6%
158Winnipeg NorthManitoba47.6%
161Grande PrairieAlberta47.5%
161WillowdaleOntario47.5%
163Cape Breton—Canso—AntigonishNova Scotia47.3%
163Eglinton—LawrenceOntario47.3%
165CambridgeOntario47.2%
166Cowichan—Malahat—LangfordBritish Columbia47.1%
166Niagara Falls—Niagara-on-the-LakeOntario47.1%
166Regina—WascanaSaskatchewan47.1%
169Surrey CentreBritish Columbia47.0%
170Columbia—Kootenay—Southern RockiesBritish Columbia46.9%
171Edmonton ManningAlberta46.8%
171St. Boniface—St. VitalManitoba46.8%
173Kings—HantsNova Scotia46.7%
174Cariboo—Prince GeorgeBritish Columbia46.4%
175Scarborough—WoburnOntario46.3%
175Stormont—Dundas—GlengarryOntario46.3%
177Miramichi—Grand LakeNew Brunswick46.2%
178Mount RoyalQuebec46.1%
179Halifax WestNova Scotia45.9%
179WaterlooOntario45.9%
179Windsor—Tecumseh—LakeshoreOntario45.9%
182Elmwood—TransconaManitoba45.8%
183Laval—Les ÎlesQuebec45.7%
183New Westminster—Burnaby—MaillardvilleBritish Columbia45.7%
183Red DeerAlberta45.7%
186Battlefords—Lloydminster—Meadow LakeSaskatchewan45.5%
187Barrie—Springwater—Oro-MedonteOntario45.3%
188Brampton CentreOntario45.2%
188Niagara SouthOntario45.2%
188Regina—Qu'AppelleSaskatchewan45.2%
191Cumberland—ColchesterNova Scotia45.1%
191Simcoe NorthOntario45.1%
193Bay of QuinteOntario44.9%
193Brantford—Brant South—Six NationsOntario44.9%
193Esquimalt—Saanich—SookeBritish Columbia44.9%
193York CentreOntario44.9%
197Hamilton MountainOntario44.8%
198Sault Ste. Marie—AlgomaOntario44.6%
199LabradorNewfoundland and Labrador44.5%
199Nipissing—TimiskamingOntario44.5%
199PeterboroughOntario44.5%
199Scarborough Centre—Don Valley EastOntario44.5%
203Beaches—East YorkOntario44.2%
204Cape SpearNewfoundland and Labrador44.1%
204Etobicoke NorthOntario44.1%
204Prince AlbertSaskatchewan44.1%
204Saint John—KennebecasisNew Brunswick44.1%
204Scarborough SouthwestOntario44.1%
209Nanaimo—LadysmithBritish Columbia44.0%
210GuelphOntario43.9%
210Vancouver QuadraBritish Columbia43.9%
212Kamloops—Thompson—NicolaBritish Columbia43.8%
213Brossard—Saint-LambertQuebec43.7%
214Fredericton—OromoctoNew Brunswick43.6%
214Ottawa SouthOntario43.6%
216Prince George—Peace River—Northern RockiesBritish Columbia43.3%
216Saint-Léonard—Saint-MichelQuebec43.3%
216Vancouver KingswayBritish Columbia43.3%
219Etobicoke—LakeshoreOntario43.2%
220Thunder Bay—Rainy RiverOntario43.1%
221VaudreuilQuebec43.0%
222Marc-Aurèle-FortinQuebec42.6%
222St. CatharinesOntario42.6%
224Dartmouth—Cole HarbourNova Scotia42.5%
225KelownaBritish Columbia42.3%
225St. John's EastNewfoundland and Labrador42.3%
227Kitchener CentreOntario42.0%
228Calgary EastAlberta41.9%
228Kapuskasing—Timmins—MushkegowukOntario41.9%
228Winnipeg South CentreManitoba41.9%
231Honoré-MercierQuebec41.8%
232Thunder Bay—Superior NorthOntario41.5%
233Kingston and the IslandsOntario41.2%
233Windsor WestOntario41.2%
235Skeena—Bulkley ValleyBritish Columbia41.1%
236London—FanshaweOntario40.9%
236Toronto—St. Paul'sOntario40.9%
238Ottawa West—NepeanOntario40.5%
239Toronto—DanforthOntario40.4%
240Vancouver GranvilleBritish Columbia40.2%
241Calgary ConfederationAlberta40.1%
242Alfred-PellanQuebec40.0%
242Madawaska—RestigoucheNew Brunswick40.0%
242Moncton—DieppeNew Brunswick40.0%
242Pontiac—Kitigan ZibiQuebec40.0%
242SudburyOntario40.0%
247Saskatoon WestSaskatchewan39.9%
248VimyQuebec39.6%
249CharlottetownPrince Edward Island39.5%
250Kenora—KiiwetinoongOntario39.4%
251Sydney—Glace BayNova Scotia39.3%
252OshawaOntario39.2%
253York South—Weston—EtobicokeOntario39.1%
254Humber River—Black CreekOntario39.0%
255Acadie—BathurstNew Brunswick38.2%
256Taiaiako'n—Parkdale—High ParkOntario37.8%
257DavenportOntario37.3%
257YukonYukon37.3%
259Edmonton StrathconaAlberta37.2%
260Edmonton GriesbachAlberta37.1%
261La Prairie—AtatekenQuebec36.7%
261Notre-Dame-de-Grâce—WestmountQuebec36.7%
263Mont-Saint-Bruno—L’AcadieQuebec36.3%
264VictoriaBritish Columbia36.1%
265Dorval—Lachine—LaSalleQuebec36.0%
266Châteauguay—Les Jardins-de-NapiervilleQuebec35.6%
267RepentignyQuebec35.2%
268Ahuntsic-CartiervilleQuebec35.1%
268Rivière-des-Mille-ÎlesQuebec35.1%
270Northwest TerritoriesNorthwest Territories35.0%
271London CentreOntario34.9%
272GatineauQuebec34.5%
273Ottawa—Vanier—GloucesterOntario34.3%
274Mégantic—L’Érable—LotbinièreQuebec33.9%
275Brome—MissisquoiQuebec33.8%
275TerrebonneQuebec33.8%
277Ottawa CentreOntario33.7%
278Calgary CentreAlberta33.6%
279BourassaQuebec33.5%
280Pierre-Boucher—Les Patriotes—VerchèresQuebec33.4%
281Thérèse-De BlainvilleQuebec33.3%
282Churchill—Keewatinook AskiManitoba33.0%
283Lac-Saint-JeanQuebec32.9%
284Argenteuil—La Petite-NationQuebec32.8%
284BeauceQuebec32.8%
286Hull—AylmerQuebec32.3%
287Compton—StansteadQuebec32.1%
287Longueuil—Saint-HubertQuebec32.1%
289HalifaxNova Scotia32.0%
290JonquièreQuebec31.8%
291Chicoutimi—Le FjordQuebec31.7%
292Longueuil—Charles-LeMoyneQuebec31.5%
292Louis-HébertQuebec31.5%
292Vancouver CentreBritish Columbia31.5%
295Edmonton CentreAlberta31.2%
295Laurentides—LabelleQuebec31.2%
295Les Pays-d'en-HautQuebec31.2%
298Beloeil—ChamblyQuebec31.0%
298Côte-du-Sud—Rivière-du-Loup—Kataskomiq—TémiscouataQuebec31.0%
298Hamilton CentreOntario31.0%
298Montmorency—CharlevoixQuebec31.0%
302Vancouver EastBritish Columbia30.9%
302Winnipeg CentreManitoba30.9%
304Bellechasse—Les Etchemins—LévisQuebec30.7%
304University—RosedaleOntario30.7%
306Portneuf—Jacques-CartierQuebec30.5%
307Berthier—MaskinongéQuebec30.4%
307Lévis—LotbinièreQuebec30.4%
309Louis-Saint-Laurent—AkiawenhrahkQuebec30.3%
310MirabelQuebec30.1%
311Beauharnois—Salaberry—Soulanges—HuntingdonQuebec29.9%
311Richmond—ArthabaskaQuebec29.9%
311SheffordQuebec29.9%
314Bécancour—Nicolet—Saurel—AlnôbakQuebec29.7%
315Gaspésie—Les Îles-de-la-Madeleine—ListugujQuebec29.5%
315PapineauQuebec29.5%
317Saint-JeanQuebec29.1%
318Saint-Maurice—ChamplainQuebec29.0%
319Abitibi—TémiscamingueQuebec28.9%
319Charlesbourg—Haute-Saint-CharlesQuebec28.9%
319Joliette—ManawanQuebec28.9%
319Saint-Hyacinthe—Bagot—ActonQuebec28.9%
323DrummondQuebec28.8%
324OutremontQuebec28.3%
325MontcalmQuebec28.2%
325Rimouski—La MatapédiaQuebec28.2%
327Desnethé—Missinippi—Churchill RiverSaskatchewan28.1%
328La Pointe-de-l'ÎleQuebec27.8%
328Ville-Marie—Le Sud-Ouest—Île-des-SoeursQuebec27.8%
330LaSalle—Émard—VerdunQuebec27.6%
331Côte-Nord—Kawawachikamach—NitassinanQuebec27.2%
332Spadina—HarbourfrontOntario27.1%
333Abitibi—Baie-James—Nunavik—EeyouQuebec26.7%
334Rivière-du-NordQuebec26.1%
335Toronto CentreOntario25.9%
336Trois-RivièresQuebec25.6%
337SherbrookeQuebec25.2%
338NunavutNunavut25.1%
339Beauport—LimoilouQuebec24.2%
340Hochelaga—Rosemont-EstQuebec22.7%
341Québec CentreQuebec21.2%
342Rosemont—La Petite-PatrieQuebec18.0%
343Laurier—Sainte-MarieQuebec17.0%

Value: Legally married (not common-law). Riding names link to the riding's dissemination-area map for this topic.

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Marital Status — 2021 Census

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Marital Status in Canada

Marital status patterns in Canada reflect deep cultural, religious, and regional divides. The 2021 Census found that 44.2 percent of Canadians aged 15 and over were legally married, 14.6 percent lived common-law, 27.5 percent had never married, 8.3 percent were separated or divorced, and 5.3 percent were widowed. But these national averages mask one of the sharpest provincial divides in the census: Quebec versus the rest of Canada.

Marriage

The highest marriage rates are in immigrant-heavy GTA suburbs and rural prairie ridings: Markham–Unionville (60.2%), Markham–Stouffville (59.0%), and Brampton West (58.3%). In the GTA ridings, South Asian and East Asian cultural norms strongly favour formal marriage. In the prairie ridings (Carlton Trail, Provencher, Portage–Lisgar), religious and cultural conservatism drives high marriage rates.

The lowest marriage rates are overwhelmingly in Quebec: Laurier–Sainte-Marie (17.0%), Rosemont–La Petite-Patrie (18.0%), and Québec Centre (21.3%). Six of the ten lowest-marriage ridings are in Quebec, reflecting the province's decades-long embrace of common-law unions as a social equivalent to marriage — a cultural shift that has no parallel elsewhere in Canada.

Common-Law Unions

Quebec dominates common-law partnerships to a degree unmatched anywhere in the developed world. Portneuf–Jacques-Cartier leads at 34.6 percent, followed by Lévis–Lotbinière (34.3%) and Montmorency–Charlevoix (33.4%). All ten ridings with the highest common-law rates are in Quebec. This is not a big-city phenomenon — rural Quebec has the highest rates, where common-law partnership has replaced marriage as the default family structure across all income levels and age groups.

Outside Quebec, common-law rates rarely exceed 15 percent. The cultural divide is so sharp that crossing the Ontario-Quebec border changes the marital landscape more dramatically than crossing any international boundary in the Western world.

Never Married

The never-married share captures young adults, urban singles, and communities with delayed or forgone family formation. Laurier–Sainte-Marie leads at 49.4 percent, where nearly half of adults aged 15+ have never married — reflecting both Quebec's cultural alternative to marriage and the riding's young, urban, solo-living population. Toronto Centre (48.2%) and Spadina–Harbourfront (48.0%) follow, driven by young professionals in condos.

Northern Indigenous ridings also rank high: Desnethé–Missinippi–Churchill River (47.6%) and Nunavut (42.7%). In these communities, high never-married rates reflect different factors: younger populations, lower life expectancy, and cultural practices that may not emphasize formal marriage.

Riding Rankings

Highest Marriage Rate

RankRidingMarried %
1Markham–Unionville60.2%
2Markham–Stouffville59.0%
3Brampton West58.3%
4Carlton Trail–Eagle Creek58.3%
5Burlington North–Milton West58.0%
6Aurora–Oak Ridges–Richmond Hill57.9%
7Calgary Skyview57.9%
8Brampton East57.9%
9Carleton57.9%
10Portage–Lisgar57.7%

The highest-marriage ridings combine immigrant families (Markham, Brampton, Calgary Skyview) with rural conservative communities (Carlton Trail, Portage–Lisgar, Carleton). The common factor is family-oriented suburbia — these are ridings of houses, minivans, and school-age children where married-couple households are the overwhelming norm.

Lowest Marriage Rate

RankRidingMarried %
1Laurier–Sainte-Marie17.0%
2Rosemont–La Petite-Patrie18.0%
3Québec Centre21.3%
4Hochelaga–Rosemont-Est22.6%
5Beauport–Limoilou24.2%
6Nunavut25.0%
7Sherbrooke25.2%
8Trois-Rivières25.5%
9Toronto Centre25.9%
10Rivière-du-Nord26.0%

Six Quebec ridings, one northern riding (Nunavut), and one Toronto riding. The Quebec ridings are not low-marriage because of poverty or social dysfunction — Beauport–Limoilou and Rivière-du-Nord are middle-class communities — but because Quebecers have chosen common-law partnership as their preferred family structure. Toronto Centre is the lone non-Quebec, non-northern entry, reflecting its young, transient, condo-dwelling population.

Highest Common-Law Rate

RankRidingCommon-Law %
1Portneuf–Jacques-Cartier34.6%
2Lévis–Lotbinière34.3%
3Montmorency–Charlevoix33.4%
4Mirabel32.5%
5Montcalm32.4%
6Les Pays-d'en-Haut31.1%
7Beloeil–Chambly30.8%
8Louis-Saint-Laurent–Akiawenhrahk30.6%
9Berthier–Maskinongé30.5%
10Pierre-Boucher–Les Patriotes–Verchères30.4%

All ten are in Quebec. The Quiet Revolution, which secularized Quebec society in the 1960s, also undermined the Catholic Church's monopoly on marriage. Two generations later, common-law unions are so normalized that even conservative, church-going rural communities have rates above 30 percent. This makes Quebec a global outlier — no other jurisdiction of comparable size has so thoroughly replaced legal marriage with informal partnership.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population. Riding boundaries reflect the 2022 Federal Electoral Districts. Adapted from Statistics Canada; this does not constitute an endorsement by Statistics Canada of this product.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population. Adapted from Statistics Canada, Census of Population, 2021. This does not constitute an endorsement by Statistics Canada of this product.