Skip to main content

Labour Force

Labour force participation, employment, and unemployment rates. — 2021 Census of Population

Map loading...

Unemployment Rate (%)

Unemployment rate (aged 15+)

Distribution by riding

Unemployment rate by federal riding, 2021 Census. Median 10.2%; range 4.6% (Lévis—Lotbinière) to 21.4% (Niagara Falls—Niagara-on-the-Lake); half of ridings between 8.2% and 12.3%. Canada: 10.3%.

Colour

  • Canada 10.3%

Chart loading...

Vertical axis: Unemployment rate (%)

Each dot is one federal riding (343 with a figure; 2023 Representation Order), placed by its value and spread across the axis so that dots do not overlap. The line marks the value for Canada as a whole (10.3%). Prairies: Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba. Atlantic: New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, and Newfoundland and Labrador. North: Yukon, the Northwest Territories and Nunavut.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

Highest and lowest ridings

Unemployment rate by federal riding, 2021 Census. 343 ridings ranked from highest (1) to lowest; tied values share a rank. Bars start at zero on one scale; the vertical line marks the value for Canada (10.3%).

10 highest

The 10 ridings with the highest values: unemployment rate, 2021 Census
RankRidingBarValue
1Niagara Falls—Niagara-on-the-LakeON21.4%
2Terra Nova—The PeninsulasNL20.3%
3Central NewfoundlandNL20.2%
4Long Range MountainsNL19.8%
5Sydney—Glace BayNS19.4%
6Desnethé—Missinippi—Churchill RiverSK18.6%
7Windsor WestON18.5%
8Humber River—Black CreekON17.8%
8Windsor—Tecumseh—LakeshoreON17.8%
10Cape Breton—Canso—AntigonishNS17.4%

10 lowest

The 10 ridings with the lowest values: unemployment rate, 2021 Census, lowest first
RankRidingBarValue
343Lévis—LotbinièreQC4.6%
340Beloeil—ChamblyQC4.8%
340Compton—StansteadQC4.8%
340Richmond—ArthabaskaQC4.8%
339Pierre-Boucher—Les Patriotes—VerchèresQC4.9%
338BeauceQC5.0%
337Portneuf—Jacques-CartierQC5.1%
336Mont-Saint-Bruno—L’AcadieQC5.2%
333Portage—LisgarMB5.3%
333SheffordQC5.3%
All 343 ridings, ranked
All ridings ranked by unemployment rate, 2021 Census, highest first
RankRidingProvince or territoryValue
1Niagara Falls—Niagara-on-the-LakeOntario21.4%
2Terra Nova—The PeninsulasNewfoundland and Labrador20.3%
3Central NewfoundlandNewfoundland and Labrador20.2%
4Long Range MountainsNewfoundland and Labrador19.8%
5Sydney—Glace BayNova Scotia19.4%
6Desnethé—Missinippi—Churchill RiverSaskatchewan18.6%
7Windsor WestOntario18.5%
8Humber River—Black CreekOntario17.8%
8Windsor—Tecumseh—LakeshoreOntario17.8%
10Cape Breton—Canso—AntigonishNova Scotia17.4%
11Scarborough NorthOntario17.0%
12NunavutNunavut16.9%
13Scarborough SouthwestOntario16.5%
14Etobicoke NorthOntario16.3%
14York South—Weston—EtobicokeOntario16.3%
16Scarborough—AgincourtOntario16.2%
16Scarborough—WoburnOntario16.2%
18Edmonton GriesbachAlberta15.9%
19St. CatharinesOntario15.8%
20Scarborough Centre—Don Valley EastOntario15.7%
21Miramichi—Grand LakeNew Brunswick15.6%
22Calgary EastAlberta15.5%
22Markham—ThornhillOntario15.5%
24OshawaOntario15.4%
25Calgary McKnightAlberta15.0%
25Mississauga—MaltonOntario15.0%
27Mississauga CentreOntario14.9%
27Scarborough—Guildwood—Rouge ParkOntario14.9%
29Niagara SouthOntario14.8%
30Toronto CentreOntario14.6%
31London—FanshaweOntario14.4%
32AvalonNewfoundland and Labrador14.3%
32Churchill—Keewatinook AskiManitoba14.3%
32Mississauga—Erin MillsOntario14.3%
35Mississauga East—CooksvilleOntario14.2%
36York CentreOntario14.1%
37Edmonton CentreAlberta14.0%
38Hamilton CentreOntario13.9%
39Brampton—Chinguacousy ParkOntario13.8%
39HalifaxNova Scotia13.8%
39London CentreOntario13.8%
42Acadie—BathurstNew Brunswick13.7%
42Brampton CentreOntario13.7%
42Brampton SouthOntario13.7%
42Calgary Nose HillAlberta13.7%
42Don Valley NorthOntario13.7%
47Brampton EastOntario13.6%
48AjaxOntario13.4%
48Beaches—East YorkOntario13.4%
48University—RosedaleOntario13.4%
51DavenportOntario13.3%
51Hamilton MountainOntario13.3%
51Markham—UnionvilleOntario13.3%
51Richmond Hill SouthOntario13.3%
55Don Valley WestOntario13.2%
55PeterboroughOntario13.2%
57Kingston and the IslandsOntario13.1%
57Mississauga—StreetsvilleOntario13.1%
59Edmonton ManningAlberta13.0%
59Simcoe NorthOntario13.0%
59Taiaiako'n—Parkdale—High ParkOntario13.0%
59ThornhillOntario13.0%
63Hamilton East—Stoney CreekOntario12.9%
63Sault Ste. Marie—AlgomaOntario12.9%
65Acadie—AnnapolisNova Scotia12.7%
65Cumberland—ColchesterNova Scotia12.7%
65Etobicoke CentreOntario12.7%
65WhitbyOntario12.7%
65WillowdaleOntario12.7%
70Calgary HeritageAlberta12.6%
70LabradorNewfoundland and Labrador12.6%
70Vaughan—WoodbridgeOntario12.6%
73Aurora—Oak Ridges—Richmond HillOntario12.5%
73Brampton WestOntario12.5%
73Edmonton StrathconaAlberta12.5%
73Ottawa—Vanier—GloucesterOntario12.5%
73Toronto—DanforthOntario12.5%
78Bowmanville—Oshawa NorthOntario12.4%
78Brampton North—CaledonOntario12.4%
78Calgary SkyviewAlberta12.4%
78Central NovaNova Scotia12.4%
78London WestOntario12.4%
78Pickering—BrooklinOntario12.4%
84Edmonton NorthwestAlberta12.3%
84EssexOntario12.3%
84Newmarket—AuroraOntario12.3%
87Eglinton—LawrenceOntario12.2%
87Mississauga—LakeshoreOntario12.2%
87Ottawa SouthOntario12.2%
87Ottawa West—NepeanOntario12.2%
91Barrie—Springwater—Oro-MedonteOntario12.1%
91Edmonton GatewayAlberta12.1%
93Calgary ConfederationAlberta12.0%
93Calgary Signal HillAlberta12.0%
93Edmonton SoutheastAlberta12.0%
93EgmontPrince Edward Island12.0%
93WaterlooOntario12.0%
98Barrie South—InnisfilOntario11.9%
98Brantford—Brant South—Six NationsOntario11.9%
98Calgary MidnaporeAlberta11.9%
98Edmonton WestAlberta11.9%
98King—VaughanOntario11.9%
98Oakville WestOntario11.9%
98Red DeerAlberta11.9%
98South Shore—St. MargaretsNova Scotia11.9%
106Calgary CrowfootAlberta11.8%
106Hamilton West—Ancaster—DundasOntario11.8%
106Saint-Léonard—Saint-MichelQuebec11.8%
109Markham—StouffvilleOntario11.7%
109Ville-Marie—Le Sud-Ouest—Île-des-SoeursQuebec11.7%
111Etobicoke—LakeshoreOntario11.6%
111Oakville EastOntario11.6%
111Saint-LaurentQuebec11.6%
114Calgary CentreAlberta11.5%
114OutremontQuebec11.5%
114Winnipeg CentreManitoba11.5%
117CambridgeOntario11.4%
117Simcoe—GreyOntario11.4%
119Bay of QuinteOntario11.3%
119Grande PrairieAlberta11.3%
119Kings—HantsNova Scotia11.3%
119Leduc—WetaskiwinAlberta11.3%
123Dartmouth—Cole HarbourNova Scotia11.2%
123Sarnia—Lambton—BkejwanongOntario11.2%
125Kitchener CentreOntario11.1%
125Ponoka—DidsburyAlberta11.1%
125SudburyOntario11.1%
125YellowheadAlberta11.1%
129GuelphOntario11.0%
129Haliburton—Kawartha LakesOntario11.0%
129Madawaska—RestigoucheNew Brunswick11.0%
129Mount RoyalQuebec11.0%
129PapineauQuebec11.0%
134BourassaQuebec10.9%
134Gaspésie—Les Îles-de-la-Madeleine—ListugujQuebec10.9%
134Richmond Centre—MarpoleBritish Columbia10.9%
134St. John's EastNewfoundland and Labrador10.9%
138BurlingtonOntario10.8%
138Halifax WestNova Scotia10.8%
138Kitchener South—HespelerOntario10.8%
138Milton East—Halton Hills SouthOntario10.8%
138Nipissing—TimiskamingOntario10.8%
143Burlington North—Milton WestOntario10.7%
143New Tecumseth—GwillimburyOntario10.7%
143Northumberland—ClarkeOntario10.7%
143ParklandAlberta10.7%
143Thunder Bay—Superior NorthOntario10.7%
148Airdrie—CochraneAlberta10.6%
148Chatham-Kent—LeamingtonOntario10.6%
148Edmonton RiverbendAlberta10.6%
148Laurier—Sainte-MarieQuebec10.6%
148Parry Sound—MuskokaOntario10.6%
148Richmond East—StevestonBritish Columbia10.6%
148Toronto—St. Paul'sOntario10.6%
155Laurentides—LabelleQuebec10.5%
155Thunder Bay—Rainy RiverOntario10.5%
157Cape SpearNewfoundland and Labrador10.4%
157Dufferin—CaledonOntario10.4%
157OxfordOntario10.4%
160BeauséjourNew Brunswick10.3%
160Dorval—Lachine—LaSalleQuebec10.3%
160Hull—AylmerQuebec10.3%
160Leeds—Grenville—Thousand Islands—Rideau LakesOntario10.3%
160Niagara WestOntario10.3%
160Peace River—WestlockAlberta10.3%
160VimyQuebec10.3%
167Ahuntsic-CartiervilleQuebec10.2%
167Battlefords—Lloydminster—Meadow LakeSaskatchewan10.2%
167Elgin—St. Thomas—London SouthOntario10.2%
167Hastings—Lennox and Addington—TyendinagaOntario10.2%
167Medicine Hat—Cardston—WarnerAlberta10.2%
167NepeanOntario10.2%
173CardiganPrince Edward Island10.1%
173LaSalle—Émard—VerdunQuebec10.1%
173Notre-Dame-de-Grâce—WestmountQuebec10.1%
176Ottawa CentreOntario10.0%
176Regina—WascanaSaskatchewan10.0%
176Sackville—Bedford—PrestonNova Scotia10.0%
176Saint John—KennebecasisNew Brunswick10.0%
176Skeena—Bulkley ValleyBritish Columbia10.0%
181Burnaby CentralBritish Columbia9.9%
181Laval—Les ÎlesQuebec9.9%
181Regina—Qu'AppelleSaskatchewan9.9%
181Saskatoon WestSaskatchewan9.9%
181Vancouver Fraserview—South BurnabyBritish Columbia9.9%
186Calgary ShepardAlberta9.8%
186Pierrefonds—DollardQuebec9.8%
186Saint John—St. CroixNew Brunswick9.8%
189CharlottetownPrince Edward Island9.7%
189Vancouver EastBritish Columbia9.7%
191Bow RiverAlberta9.6%
191MalpequePrince Edward Island9.6%
191St. Albert—Sturgeon RiverAlberta9.6%
191York—DurhamOntario9.6%
195Fort McMurray—Cold LakeAlberta9.5%
195Fundy RoyalNew Brunswick9.5%
195Prince AlbertSaskatchewan9.5%
195Sherwood Park—Fort SaskatchewanAlberta9.5%
195Stormont—Dundas—GlengarryOntario9.5%
195Sudbury East—Manitoulin—Nickel BeltOntario9.5%
195Surrey CentreBritish Columbia9.5%
202Cariboo—Prince GeorgeBritish Columbia9.4%
202GatineauQuebec9.4%
202Haldimand—NorfolkOntario9.4%
202LakelandAlberta9.4%
202Prince George—Peace River—Northern RockiesBritish Columbia9.4%
202Tobique—MactaquacNew Brunswick9.4%
202Vancouver KingswayBritish Columbia9.4%
209KanataOntario9.3%
209Kapuskasing—Timmins—MushkegowukOntario9.3%
211Algonquin—Renfrew—PembrokeOntario9.2%
211Hochelaga—Rosemont-EstQuebec9.2%
211Winnipeg NorthManitoba9.2%
214Battle River—CrowfootAlberta9.1%
214Bruce—Grey—Owen SoundOntario9.1%
214FoothillsAlberta9.1%
214Middlesex—LondonOntario9.1%
214Surrey NewtonBritish Columbia9.1%
214Vancouver QuadraBritish Columbia9.1%
220Brossard—Saint-LambertQuebec9.0%
220Similkameen—South Okanagan—West KootenayBritish Columbia9.0%
220Spadina—HarbourfrontOntario9.0%
220West Vancouver—Sunshine Coast—Sea to Sky CountryBritish Columbia9.0%
224Moncton—DieppeNew Brunswick8.9%
224Winnipeg SouthManitoba8.9%
226Courtenay—AlberniBritish Columbia8.8%
226Lanark—FrontenacOntario8.8%
226LethbridgeAlberta8.8%
226Québec CentreQuebec8.8%
226Regina—LewvanSaskatchewan8.8%
226Vernon—Lake Country—MonasheeBritish Columbia8.8%
232Elmwood—TransconaManitoba8.7%
232Flamborough—Glanbrook—Brant NorthOntario8.7%
232La Pointe-de-l'ÎleQuebec8.7%
232North Island—Powell RiverBritish Columbia8.7%
232Northwest TerritoriesNorthwest Territories8.7%
232OrléansOntario8.7%
238Honoré-MercierQuebec8.6%
238Kenora—KiiwetinoongOntario8.6%
238New Westminster—Burnaby—MaillardvilleBritish Columbia8.6%
241Kamloops—Thompson—NicolaBritish Columbia8.5%
241Lac-Saint-LouisQuebec8.5%
241Longueuil—Charles-LeMoyneQuebec8.5%
241St. Boniface—St. VitalManitoba8.5%
241Vancouver CentreBritish Columbia8.5%
241Wellington—Halton Hills NorthOntario8.5%
247Fleetwood—Port KellsBritish Columbia8.4%
247Port Moody—CoquitlamBritish Columbia8.4%
249Burnaby North—SeymourBritish Columbia8.3%
249KelownaBritish Columbia8.3%
249Kitchener—ConestogaOntario8.3%
249Rosemont—La Petite-PatrieQuebec8.3%
253CarletonOntario8.2%
253Coquitlam—Port CoquitlamBritish Columbia8.2%
253Kamloops—Shuswap—Central RockiesBritish Columbia8.2%
253Nanaimo—LadysmithBritish Columbia8.2%
253Saskatoon SouthSaskatchewan8.2%
253Saskatoon—UniversitySaskatchewan8.2%
259Abbotsford—South LangleyBritish Columbia8.1%
259North Vancouver—CapilanoBritish Columbia8.1%
259South Surrey—White RockBritish Columbia8.1%
259VictoriaBritish Columbia8.1%
259Winnipeg South CentreManitoba8.1%
264Columbia—Kootenay—Southern RockiesBritish Columbia8.0%
264Selkirk—Interlake—EastmanManitoba8.0%
266Argenteuil—La Petite-NationQuebec7.9%
266Fredericton—OromoctoNew Brunswick7.9%
266Okanagan Lake West—South KelownaBritish Columbia7.9%
266Pontiac—Kitigan ZibiQuebec7.9%
270Les Pays-d'en-HautQuebec7.8%
270Rimouski—La MatapédiaQuebec7.8%
270Vancouver GranvilleBritish Columbia7.8%
273Beauport—LimoilouQuebec7.7%
274Kildonan—St. PaulManitoba7.6%
274Winnipeg WestManitoba7.6%
276Côte-Nord—Kawawachikamach—NitassinanQuebec7.5%
277Alfred-PellanQuebec7.4%
277DeltaBritish Columbia7.4%
277Joliette—ManawanQuebec7.4%
277Longueuil—Saint-HubertQuebec7.4%
277Louis-HébertQuebec7.4%
282Cloverdale—Langley CityBritish Columbia7.3%
283Trois-RivièresQuebec7.2%
284Chilliwack—HopeBritish Columbia7.1%
284Moose Jaw—Lake Centre—LaniganSaskatchewan7.1%
284Perth—WellingtonOntario7.1%
287Marc-Aurèle-FortinQuebec7.0%
287Yorkton—MelvilleSaskatchewan7.0%
289Huron—BruceOntario6.9%
289SherbrookeQuebec6.9%
289VaudreuilQuebec6.9%
289YukonYukon6.9%
293Côte-du-Sud—Rivière-du-Loup—Kataskomiq—TémiscouataQuebec6.8%
293Cowichan—Malahat—LangfordBritish Columbia6.8%
295Mission—Matsqui—AbbotsfordBritish Columbia6.7%
295Rivière-du-NordQuebec6.7%
295Saint-Maurice—ChamplainQuebec6.7%
298Brandon—SourisManitoba6.6%
298Langley Township—Fraser HeightsBritish Columbia6.6%
298Pitt Meadows—Maple RidgeBritish Columbia6.6%
298Riding MountainManitoba6.6%
302Prescott—Russell—CumberlandOntario6.5%
303Charlesbourg—Haute-Saint-CharlesQuebec6.4%
303Châteauguay—Les Jardins-de-NapiervilleQuebec6.4%
303Esquimalt—Saanich—SookeBritish Columbia6.4%
303ProvencherManitoba6.4%
303Rivière-des-Mille-ÎlesQuebec6.4%
308Lac-Saint-JeanQuebec6.3%
308Saanich—Gulf IslandsBritish Columbia6.3%
308Souris—Moose MountainSaskatchewan6.3%
308Thérèse-De BlainvilleQuebec6.3%
312Abitibi—Baie-James—Nunavik—EeyouQuebec6.2%
312Montmorency—CharlevoixQuebec6.2%
314Berthier—MaskinongéQuebec6.1%
314Brome—MissisquoiQuebec6.1%
316Chicoutimi—Le FjordQuebec6.0%
317Bécancour—Nicolet—Saurel—AlnôbakQuebec5.9%
317RepentignyQuebec5.9%
317TerrebonneQuebec5.9%
320Beauharnois—Salaberry—Soulanges—HuntingdonQuebec5.8%
320Bellechasse—Les Etchemins—LévisQuebec5.8%
322Abitibi—TémiscamingueQuebec5.7%
322MontcalmQuebec5.7%
324Carlton Trail—Eagle CreekSaskatchewan5.6%
324Louis-Saint-Laurent—AkiawenhrahkQuebec5.6%
324Saint-Hyacinthe—Bagot—ActonQuebec5.6%
324Saint-JeanQuebec5.6%
328La Prairie—AtatekenQuebec5.5%
329DrummondQuebec5.4%
329Mégantic—L’Érable—LotbinièreQuebec5.4%
329MirabelQuebec5.4%
329Swift Current—Grasslands—KindersleySaskatchewan5.4%
333JonquièreQuebec5.3%
333Portage—LisgarManitoba5.3%
333SheffordQuebec5.3%
336Mont-Saint-Bruno—L’AcadieQuebec5.2%
337Portneuf—Jacques-CartierQuebec5.1%
338BeauceQuebec5.0%
339Pierre-Boucher—Les Patriotes—VerchèresQuebec4.9%
340Beloeil—ChamblyQuebec4.8%
340Compton—StansteadQuebec4.8%
340Richmond—ArthabaskaQuebec4.8%
343Lévis—LotbinièreQuebec4.6%

Value: Unemployment rate (aged 15+). Riding names link to the riding's dissemination-area map for this topic.

◆

Labour Force — 2021 Census

Auto generated. Flag an issue.

Labour Force in Canada

The 2021 Census captured Canada's labour market during an unusual moment — the reference period included the COVID-19 pandemic, which temporarily distorted unemployment and participation rates. The national unemployment rate was 10.3 percent (aged 15+), well above the pre-pandemic 5.7 percent but already recovering from the worst of the shutdowns. The participation rate stood at 63.7 percent. The labour topic maps unemployment, participation, and employment rates across ridings, revealing the structural geography of work in Canada beyond the pandemic's temporary effects.

Unemployment

The highest unemployment rates reflect a combination of pandemic impact and structural joblessness. Niagara Falls–Niagara-on-the-Lake leads at 21.4 percent — heavily hit by the collapse of tourism and hospitality during COVID lockdowns. Central Newfoundland (20.5%) and Terra Nova (20.4%) reflect longstanding structural unemployment in regions dependent on seasonal fisheries and forestry.

The lowest unemployment is found in suburban Quebec and the prairies: Lévis–Lotbinière (4.5%), Richmond–Arthabaska (4.6%), and Compton–Stanstead (4.7%). These are manufacturing and agricultural communities with tight labour markets even during the pandemic. Quebec's remarkably low unemployment in its rural ridings reflects both a strong manufacturing base and lower labour market participation among older residents who have left the workforce entirely.

Participation Rate

Labour force participation — the share of adults either employed or actively seeking work — is highest in downtown cores with young, working-age populations. Spadina–Harbourfront leads at 84.0 percent, reflecting its dense population of young professionals. Calgary ridings (Shepard, Centre, Skyview) rank highly, reflecting Alberta's work-oriented culture and younger demographics.

The lowest participation is in northern Indigenous ridings and aging Atlantic communities: Desnethé–Missinippi–Churchill River (43.5%), Terra Nova (49.0%), and Long Range Mountains (49.9%). In northern ridings, limited formal employment opportunities keep many adults outside the labour force. In Atlantic ridings, an older demographic profile means a large retired population.

Riding Rankings

Highest Unemployment Rate

RankRidingUnemployment %
1Niagara Falls–Niagara-on-the-Lake21.4%
2Central Newfoundland20.5%
3Terra Nova–The Peninsulas20.4%
4Long Range Mountains20.3%
5Desnethé–Missinippi–Churchill River19.9%
6Sydney–Glace Bay19.6%
7Windsor West18.7%
8Nunavut18.4%
9Humber River–Black Creek18.3%
10Windsor–Tecumseh–Lakeshore18.0%

The list mixes pandemic-affected tourism economies (Niagara Falls, Windsor) with chronically underemployed regions (Newfoundland, Desnethé–Missinippi, Cape Breton). Humber River–Black Creek in Toronto's northwest is the lone GTA entry — a low-income immigrant neighbourhood where precarious employment and language barriers create persistent joblessness.

Lowest Unemployment Rate

RankRidingUnemployment %
1Lévis–Lotbinière4.5%
2Richmond–Arthabaska4.6%
3Compton–Stanstead4.7%
4Pierre-Boucher–Les Patriotes–Verchères4.8%
5Beloeil–Chambly4.8%
6Swift Current–Grasslands–Kindersley4.8%
7Portneuf–Jacques-Cartier4.9%
8Beauce5.0%
9Portage–Lisgar5.0%
10Jonquière5.1%

Seven of the ten lowest-unemployment ridings are in Quebec — a remarkable shift for a province that historically had Canada's highest unemployment. Quebec's economic renaissance since the early 2010s, combined with an aging workforce creating labour shortages, has produced near-full employment in its suburban and rural communities. The Beauce region in particular has become a manufacturing powerhouse with chronic worker shortages.

Highest Employment Rate

RankRidingEmployment %
1Spadina–Harbourfront76.4%
2Calgary Shepard69.3%
3Mirabel68.6%
4Vancouver Centre68.6%
5Lévis–Lotbinière67.8%
6Yukon67.0%
7Rosemont–La Petite-Patrie66.6%
8Calgary Centre66.6%
9Beloeil–Chambly66.5%
10La Prairie–Atateken66.5%

Spadina–Harbourfront's 76.4 percent employment rate is extraordinary — more than three in four adults had a job. The mix of downtown professionals and knowledge workers weathered the pandemic through remote work. Quebec suburban ridings (Mirabel, Lévis, Beloeil) appear alongside Calgary ridings, reflecting both provinces' strong economies from different sources — manufacturing and government in Quebec, energy in Alberta.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population. Riding boundaries reflect the 2022 Federal Electoral Districts. Adapted from Statistics Canada; this does not constitute an endorsement by Statistics Canada of this product.

◆

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population. Adapted from Statistics Canada, Census of Population, 2021. This does not constitute an endorsement by Statistics Canada of this product.