Industry

Labour force by industry sector (NAICS 2017). — 2021 Census of Population

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Health CareRetail TradeConstructionManufacturingProfessional & TechEducational ServicesPublic AdministrationAccommodation & FoodTransportationFinance & InsuranceAgricultureMining & Oil/GasAdmin & SupportWholesale TradeInformation & CultureReal EstateArts & EntertainmentUtilitiesOther Services

Opacity indicates share of population — darker means a higher percentage.

Largest Industry

Largest industry sector by share of labour force

Distribution by riding

Largest industry by federal riding, 2021 Census. Health care in 174 of 343 ridings, professional and technical services in 47, manufacturing in 33. Highest share: 31.8% (public administration, Nunavut).

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Find a riding

Median riding 14.8%

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Vertical axis: Share of the largest group (%)

Each dot is one federal riding (343 with a figure; 2023 Representation Order), placed by its value and spread across the axis so that dots do not overlap. The line marks the median riding (14.8%). Colour: the largest group, as on the map; position: that group’s share.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

Highest and lowest ridings

Largest industry by federal riding, 2021 Census. 343 ridings ranked from highest (1) to lowest; tied values share a rank. Bars start at zero on one scale; the vertical line marks the median riding (14.8%).

10 highest

The 10 ridings with the highest values: largest industry, 2021 Census
Rank	Riding	Share
1	NunavutNUPublic administration	31.8%
2	Northwest TerritoriesNTPublic administration	28.2%
3	OrléansONPublic administration	27.6%
4	Hull—AylmerQCPublic administration	27.3%
5	Ottawa CentreONPublic administration	26.2%
5	Spadina—HarbourfrontONProfessional and technical services	26.2%
7	Swift Current—Grasslands—KindersleySKAgriculture, forestry and fishing	25.8%
8	Pontiac—Kitigan ZibiQCPublic administration	25.2%
9	GatineauQCPublic administration	25.1%
10	YukonYTPublic administration	25.0%

10 lowest

The 10 ridings with the lowest values: largest industry, 2021 Census, lowest first
Rank	Riding	Share
342	Pickering—BrooklinONHealth care	10.8%
342	Prince George—Peace River—Northern RockiesBCConstruction	10.8%
341	YellowheadABAccommodation and food services	10.9%
340	Bow RiverABAgriculture, forestry and fishing	11.1%
339	Langley Township—Fraser HeightsBCRetail trade	11.2%
337	DeltaBCRetail trade	11.3%
337	Peace River—WestlockABHealth care	11.3%
335	Huron—BruceONHealth care	11.4%
335	South Surrey—White RockBCHealth care	11.4%
333	Simcoe—GreyONRetail trade	11.5%

All 343 ridings, ranked

All ridings ranked by largest industry, 2021 Census, highest first
Rank	Riding	Province or territory	Largest group	Share
1	Nunavut	Nunavut	Public administration	31.8%
2	Northwest Territories	Northwest Territories	Public administration	28.2%
3	Orléans	Ontario	Public administration	27.6%
4	Hull—Aylmer	Quebec	Public administration	27.3%
5	Ottawa Centre	Ontario	Public administration	26.2%
5	Spadina—Harbourfront	Ontario	Professional and technical services	26.2%
7	Swift Current—Grasslands—Kindersley	Saskatchewan	Agriculture, forestry and fishing	25.8%
8	Pontiac—Kitigan Zibi	Quebec	Public administration	25.2%
9	Gatineau	Quebec	Public administration	25.1%
10	Yukon	Yukon	Public administration	25.0%
11	Fort McMurray—Cold Lake	Alberta	Mining, oil and gas	24.7%
12	Beauce	Quebec	Manufacturing	23.1%
12	Ottawa—Vanier—Gloucester	Ontario	Public administration	23.1%
14	Mégantic—L’Érable—Lotbinière	Quebec	Manufacturing	23.0%
15	Nepean	Ontario	Public administration	21.5%
15	Shefford	Quebec	Manufacturing	21.5%
17	Oxford	Ontario	Manufacturing	21.4%
18	Kenora—Kiiwetinoong	Ontario	Health care	21.3%
19	Ville-Marie—Le Sud-Ouest—Île-des-Soeurs	Quebec	Professional and technical services	21.1%
20	Windsor—Tecumseh—Lakeshore	Ontario	Manufacturing	20.9%
21	Sydney—Glace Bay	Nova Scotia	Health care	20.7%
22	Drummond	Quebec	Manufacturing	20.6%
22	Long Range Mountains	Newfoundland and Labrador	Health care	20.6%
22	Toronto—St. Paul's	Ontario	Professional and technical services	20.6%
25	University—Rosedale	Ontario	Professional and technical services	20.4%
26	Richmond—Arthabaska	Quebec	Manufacturing	20.3%
27	Central Newfoundland	Newfoundland and Labrador	Health care	20.1%
28	Vancouver Centre	British Columbia	Professional and technical services	20.0%
29	Toronto Centre	Ontario	Professional and technical services	19.8%
30	Sherbrooke	Quebec	Health care	19.7%
30	Thunder Bay—Superior North	Ontario	Health care	19.7%
32	Ottawa South	Ontario	Public administration	19.6%
33	Cambridge	Ontario	Manufacturing	19.3%
33	Desnethé—Missinippi—Churchill River	Saskatchewan	Educational services	19.3%
33	Essex	Ontario	Manufacturing	19.3%
36	Madawaska—Restigouche	New Brunswick	Health care	19.2%
36	Rimouski—La Matapédia	Quebec	Health care	19.2%
38	Bourassa	Quebec	Health care	19.1%
38	Côte-du-Sud—Rivière-du-Loup—Kataskomiq—Témiscouata	Quebec	Manufacturing	19.1%
38	Guelph	Ontario	Manufacturing	19.1%
41	Labrador	Newfoundland and Labrador	Mining, oil and gas	18.9%
41	Laurier—Sainte-Marie	Quebec	Professional and technical services	18.9%
41	Yorkton—Melville	Saskatchewan	Agriculture, forestry and fishing	18.9%
44	Souris—Moose Mountain	Saskatchewan	Agriculture, forestry and fishing	18.8%
44	Thunder Bay—Rainy River	Ontario	Health care	18.8%
46	Carleton	Ontario	Public administration	18.7%
46	Kanata	Ontario	Public administration	18.7%
46	Windsor West	Ontario	Manufacturing	18.7%
49	Trois-Rivières	Quebec	Health care	18.6%
50	Gaspésie—Les Îles-de-la-Madeleine—Listuguj	Quebec	Health care	18.3%
51	Brampton East	Ontario	Transportation and warehousing	18.1%
51	Fredericton—Oromocto	New Brunswick	Public administration	18.1%
53	Riding Mountain	Manitoba	Agriculture, forestry and fishing	18.0%
54	Beauport—Limoilou	Quebec	Health care	17.9%
55	Churchill—Keewatinook Aski	Manitoba	Health care	17.8%
56	Perth—Wellington	Ontario	Manufacturing	17.7%
57	Brantford—Brant South—Six Nations	Ontario	Manufacturing	17.6%
57	Kingston and the Islands	Ontario	Health care	17.6%
57	Saint-Hyacinthe—Bagot—Acton	Quebec	Manufacturing	17.6%
57	Sault Ste. Marie—Algoma	Ontario	Health care	17.6%
61	Abitibi—Baie-James—Nunavik—Eeyou	Quebec	Health care	17.5%
61	Honoré-Mercier	Quebec	Health care	17.5%
61	Vancouver Quadra	British Columbia	Professional and technical services	17.5%
61	Willowdale	Ontario	Professional and technical services	17.5%
65	Nipissing—Timiskaming	Ontario	Health care	17.4%
65	Ottawa West—Nepean	Ontario	Public administration	17.4%
65	Saint-Maurice—Champlain	Quebec	Health care	17.4%
68	Acadie—Bathurst	New Brunswick	Health care	17.3%
68	Calgary Centre	Alberta	Professional and technical services	17.3%
68	Joliette—Manawan	Quebec	Health care	17.3%
68	Terra Nova—The Peninsulas	Newfoundland and Labrador	Health care	17.3%
72	Kitchener South—Hespeler	Ontario	Manufacturing	17.1%
73	Don Valley North	Ontario	Professional and technical services	16.9%
73	Peterborough	Ontario	Health care	16.9%
73	Prescott—Russell—Cumberland	Ontario	Public administration	16.9%
73	Saint John—Kennebecasis	New Brunswick	Health care	16.9%
77	Bécancour—Nicolet—Saurel—Alnôbak	Quebec	Manufacturing	16.8%
77	La Pointe-de-l'Île	Quebec	Health care	16.8%
79	Kapuskasing—Timmins—Mushkegowuk	Ontario	Health care	16.7%
80	Algonquin—Renfrew—Pembroke	Ontario	Public administration	16.6%
80	Hamilton Mountain	Ontario	Health care	16.6%
80	Notre-Dame-de-Grâce—Westmount	Quebec	Professional and technical services	16.6%
80	Prince Albert	Saskatchewan	Health care	16.6%
80	Sudbury	Ontario	Health care	16.6%
85	Chicoutimi—Le Fjord	Quebec	Health care	16.5%
85	Hamilton West—Ancaster—Dundas	Ontario	Health care	16.5%
85	Oakville East	Ontario	Professional and technical services	16.5%
85	Taiaiako'n—Parkdale—High Park	Ontario	Professional and technical services	16.5%
89	Cape Spear	Newfoundland and Labrador	Health care	16.4%
89	Repentigny	Quebec	Health care	16.4%
89	Saint-Léonard—Saint-Michel	Quebec	Health care	16.4%
89	Winnipeg North	Manitoba	Health care	16.4%
93	Brampton North—Caledon	Ontario	Transportation and warehousing	16.3%
93	Brampton West	Ontario	Transportation and warehousing	16.3%
93	Outremont	Quebec	Professional and technical services	16.3%
96	Humber River—Black Creek	Ontario	Manufacturing	16.2%
96	Parry Sound—Muskoka	Ontario	Construction	16.2%
96	Vancouver Granville	British Columbia	Professional and technical services	16.2%
99	Côte-Nord—Kawawachikamach—Nitassinan	Quebec	Health care	16.0%
99	Elgin—St. Thomas—London South	Ontario	Manufacturing	16.0%
99	Haldimand—Norfolk	Ontario	Manufacturing	16.0%
99	Kitchener Centre	Ontario	Manufacturing	16.0%
99	Markham—Unionville	Ontario	Professional and technical services	16.0%
99	Simcoe North	Ontario	Health care	16.0%
99	Toronto—Danforth	Ontario	Professional and technical services	16.0%
99	Winnipeg Centre	Manitoba	Health care	16.0%
107	Brampton South	Ontario	Transportation and warehousing	15.9%
107	Brandon—Souris	Manitoba	Health care	15.9%
107	Edmonton Riverbend	Alberta	Health care	15.9%
107	Lethbridge	Alberta	Health care	15.9%
107	Montmorency—Charlevoix	Quebec	Health care	15.9%
107	Saskatoon South	Saskatchewan	Health care	15.9%
107	St. John's East	Newfoundland and Labrador	Health care	15.9%
114	Charlesbourg—Haute-Saint-Charles	Quebec	Health care	15.8%
114	Don Valley West	Ontario	Professional and technical services	15.8%
114	Hochelaga—Rosemont-Est	Quebec	Health care	15.8%
114	Nanaimo—Ladysmith	British Columbia	Health care	15.8%
114	Red Deer	Alberta	Health care	15.8%
114	Terrebonne	Quebec	Health care	15.8%
120	Acadie—Annapolis	Nova Scotia	Health care	15.7%
120	Brampton—Chinguacousy Park	Ontario	Transportation and warehousing	15.7%
120	Compton—Stanstead	Quebec	Health care	15.7%
120	Kildonan—St. Paul	Manitoba	Health care	15.7%
120	Lac-Saint-Jean	Quebec	Health care	15.7%
120	London West	Ontario	Health care	15.7%
120	Regina—Lewvan	Saskatchewan	Health care	15.7%
120	St. Boniface—St. Vital	Manitoba	Health care	15.7%
128	Ahuntsic-Cartierville	Quebec	Health care	15.6%
128	Saskatoon West	Saskatchewan	Health care	15.6%
130	Cape Breton—Canso—Antigonish	Nova Scotia	Health care	15.5%
130	Louis-Saint-Laurent—Akiawenhrahk	Quebec	Public administration	15.5%
130	Miramichi—Grand Lake	New Brunswick	Health care	15.5%
130	North Island—Powell River	British Columbia	Health care	15.5%
130	Thornhill	Ontario	Professional and technical services	15.5%
135	Alfred-Pellan	Quebec	Health care	15.4%
135	Bellechasse—Les Etchemins—Lévis	Quebec	Manufacturing	15.4%
135	Calgary Signal Hill	Alberta	Professional and technical services	15.4%
135	Esquimalt—Saanich—Sooke	British Columbia	Public administration	15.4%
135	Rivière-du-Nord	Quebec	Health care	15.4%
135	Victoria	British Columbia	Health care	15.4%
141	Jonquière	Quebec	Health care	15.3%
141	London Centre	Ontario	Health care	15.3%
141	North Vancouver—Capilano	British Columbia	Professional and technical services	15.3%
144	Calgary Confederation	Alberta	Professional and technical services	15.2%
144	Edmonton West	Alberta	Health care	15.2%
144	Eglinton—Lawrence	Ontario	Professional and technical services	15.2%
144	Halifax	Nova Scotia	Health care	15.2%
144	Laurentides—Labelle	Quebec	Health care	15.2%
144	Medicine Hat—Cardston—Warner	Alberta	Health care	15.2%
144	Richmond Hill South	Ontario	Professional and technical services	15.2%
144	Saskatoon—University	Saskatchewan	Health care	15.2%
152	Courtenay—Alberni	British Columbia	Health care	15.1%
152	Sarnia—Lambton—Bkejwanong	Ontario	Health care	15.1%
152	Surrey Newton	British Columbia	Transportation and warehousing	15.1%
155	Battle River—Crowfoot	Alberta	Agriculture, forestry and fishing	15.0%
155	Beaches—East York	Ontario	Professional and technical services	15.0%
155	Beauharnois—Salaberry—Soulanges—Huntingdon	Quebec	Health care	15.0%
155	Brome—Missisquoi	Quebec	Manufacturing	15.0%
155	Middlesex—London	Ontario	Health care	15.0%
160	Avalon	Newfoundland and Labrador	Health care	14.9%
160	Edmonton Manning	Alberta	Health care	14.9%
160	Edmonton Northwest	Alberta	Health care	14.9%
160	Moose Jaw—Lake Centre—Lanigan	Saskatchewan	Agriculture, forestry and fishing	14.9%
160	Sudbury East—Manitoulin—Nickel Belt	Ontario	Health care	14.9%
160	Winnipeg South Centre	Manitoba	Health care	14.9%
166	Abitibi—Témiscamingue	Quebec	Health care	14.8%
166	Calgary McKnight	Alberta	Retail trade	14.8%
166	Central Nova	Nova Scotia	Retail trade	14.8%
166	Cumberland—Colchester	Nova Scotia	Health care	14.8%
166	Halifax West	Nova Scotia	Health care	14.8%
166	Hastings—Lennox and Addington—Tyendinaga	Ontario	Health care	14.8%
166	Kings—Hants	Nova Scotia	Health care	14.8%
166	Longueuil—Charles-LeMoyne	Quebec	Health care	14.8%
166	Louis-Hébert	Quebec	Health care	14.8%
166	Rosemont—La Petite-Patrie	Quebec	Professional and technical services	14.8%
166	Similkameen—South Okanagan—West Kootenay	British Columbia	Health care	14.8%
166	Winnipeg West	Manitoba	Health care	14.8%
178	Berthier—Maskinongé	Quebec	Manufacturing	14.7%
178	Hamilton Centre	Ontario	Health care	14.7%
178	Provencher	Manitoba	Construction	14.7%
181	Longueuil—Saint-Hubert	Quebec	Health care	14.6%
181	Mount Royal	Quebec	Health care	14.6%
181	Québec Centre	Quebec	Health care	14.6%
181	Stormont—Dundas—Glengarry	Ontario	Health care	14.6%
185	Battlefords—Lloydminster—Meadow Lake	Saskatchewan	Health care	14.5%
185	Elmwood—Transcona	Manitoba	Health care	14.5%
185	Kelowna	British Columbia	Health care	14.5%
185	Mississauga Centre	Ontario	Professional and technical services	14.5%
185	Oakville West	Ontario	Professional and technical services	14.5%
190	Bruce—Grey—Owen Sound	Ontario	Health care	14.4%
190	Calgary Crowfoot	Alberta	Health care	14.4%
190	Leeds—Grenville—Thousand Islands—Rideau Lakes	Ontario	Health care	14.4%
190	Mississauga—Erin Mills	Ontario	Professional and technical services	14.4%
190	Regina—Qu'Appelle	Saskatchewan	Health care	14.4%
190	Saint-Jean	Quebec	Health care	14.4%
190	Selkirk—Interlake—Eastman	Manitoba	Health care	14.4%
197	Aurora—Oak Ridges—Richmond Hill	Ontario	Professional and technical services	14.3%
197	Brossard—Saint-Lambert	Quebec	Professional and technical services	14.3%
197	Edmonton Gateway	Alberta	Health care	14.3%
197	Edmonton Strathcona	Alberta	Health care	14.3%
197	London—Fanshawe	Ontario	Manufacturing	14.3%
197	Okanagan Lake West—South Kelowna	British Columbia	Health care	14.3%
203	Argenteuil—La Petite-Nation	Quebec	Public administration	14.2%
203	Barrie—Springwater—Oro-Medonte	Ontario	Health care	14.2%
203	Châteauguay—Les Jardins-de-Napierville	Quebec	Health care	14.2%
203	Etobicoke—Lakeshore	Ontario	Professional and technical services	14.2%
203	Haliburton—Kawartha Lakes	Ontario	Construction	14.2%
203	Kamloops—Thompson—Nicola	British Columbia	Health care	14.2%
203	Kitchener—Conestoga	Ontario	Manufacturing	14.2%
203	St. Catharines	Ontario	Health care	14.2%
203	Winnipeg South	Manitoba	Health care	14.2%
212	Calgary Skyview	Alberta	Health care	14.1%
212	Montcalm	Quebec	Construction	14.1%
212	Portneuf—Jacques-Cartier	Quebec	Public administration	14.1%
212	Vancouver East	British Columbia	Professional and technical services	14.1%
216	Cardigan	Prince Edward Island	Health care	14.0%
216	Chatham-Kent—Leamington	Ontario	Manufacturing	14.0%
216	Marc-Aurèle-Fortin	Quebec	Health care	14.0%
216	Parkland	Alberta	Construction	14.0%
216	Portage—Lisgar	Manitoba	Manufacturing	14.0%
216	Waterloo	Ontario	Professional and technical services	14.0%
222	Beauséjour	New Brunswick	Health care	13.9%
222	Burnaby North—Seymour	British Columbia	Professional and technical services	13.9%
222	Edmonton Centre	Alberta	Health care	13.9%
222	Saint John—St. Croix	New Brunswick	Health care	13.9%
222	South Shore—St. Margarets	Nova Scotia	Health care	13.9%
227	Calgary Heritage	Alberta	Health care	13.8%
227	Edmonton Southeast	Alberta	Health care	13.8%
227	Lanark—Frontenac	Ontario	Health care	13.8%
227	Laval—Les Îles	Quebec	Retail trade	13.8%
227	Niagara Falls—Niagara-on-the-Lake	Ontario	Accommodation and food services	13.8%
227	Oshawa	Ontario	Retail trade	13.8%
227	Saanich—Gulf Islands	British Columbia	Health care	13.8%
227	Vimy	Quebec	Retail trade	13.8%
235	Bay of Quinte	Ontario	Health care	13.7%
235	Egmont	Prince Edward Island	Manufacturing	13.7%
235	Moncton—Dieppe	New Brunswick	Health care	13.7%
235	Regina—Wascana	Saskatchewan	Health care	13.7%
235	Thérèse-De Blainville	Quebec	Retail trade	13.7%
240	Cowichan—Malahat—Langford	British Columbia	Health care	13.6%
240	Hamilton East—Stoney Creek	Ontario	Manufacturing	13.6%
240	New Tecumseth—Gwillimbury	Ontario	Construction	13.6%
240	Scarborough—Guildwood—Rouge Park	Ontario	Health care	13.6%
240	Tobique—Mactaquac	New Brunswick	Health care	13.6%
245	Brampton Centre	Ontario	Transportation and warehousing	13.5%
245	Calgary Shepard	Alberta	Health care	13.5%
245	Charlottetown	Prince Edward Island	Retail trade	13.5%
245	Niagara South	Ontario	Health care	13.5%
245	Vernon—Lake Country—Monashee	British Columbia	Health care	13.5%
250	Cariboo—Prince George	British Columbia	Health care	13.4%
250	Etobicoke North	Ontario	Manufacturing	13.4%
250	LaSalle—Émard—Verdun	Quebec	Health care	13.4%
250	Lévis—Lotbinière	Quebec	Health care	13.4%
250	Scarborough Southwest	Ontario	Health care	13.4%
255	Bowmanville—Oshawa North	Ontario	Health care	13.3%
255	Lac-Saint-Louis	Quebec	Professional and technical services	13.3%
255	Mirabel	Quebec	Retail trade	13.3%
255	Northumberland—Clarke	Ontario	Health care	13.3%
255	Rivière-des-Mille-Îles	Quebec	Retail trade	13.3%
255	Wellington—Halton Hills North	Ontario	Manufacturing	13.3%
255	York Centre	Ontario	Health care	13.3%
255	York South—Weston—Etobicoke	Ontario	Construction	13.3%
263	Beloeil—Chambly	Quebec	Health care	13.2%
263	York—Durham	Ontario	Construction	13.2%
265	Burnaby Central	British Columbia	Professional and technical services	13.1%
265	Carlton Trail—Eagle Creek	Saskatchewan	Health care	13.1%
265	Les Pays-d'en-Haut	Quebec	Health care	13.1%
268	Calgary East	Alberta	Retail trade	13.0%
268	Dartmouth—Cole Harbour	Nova Scotia	Public administration	13.0%
268	Davenport	Ontario	Professional and technical services	13.0%
268	Dorval—Lachine—LaSalle	Quebec	Health care	13.0%
268	Edmonton Griesbach	Alberta	Health care	13.0%
268	Etobicoke Centre	Ontario	Professional and technical services	13.0%
268	Ponoka—Didsbury	Alberta	Health care	13.0%
268	Sackville—Bedford—Preston	Nova Scotia	Retail trade	13.0%
276	Fleetwood—Port Kells	British Columbia	Health care	12.8%
276	Mississauga—Streetsville	Ontario	Professional and technical services	12.8%
276	Niagara West	Ontario	Health care	12.8%
276	Pitt Meadows—Maple Ridge	British Columbia	Construction	12.8%
276	Richmond Centre—Marpole	British Columbia	Retail trade	12.8%
276	Richmond East—Steveston	British Columbia	Retail trade	12.8%
282	Columbia—Kootenay—Southern Rockies	British Columbia	Retail trade	12.7%
282	Fundy Royal	New Brunswick	Retail trade	12.7%
282	Saint-Laurent	Quebec	Health care	12.7%
282	Scarborough—Woburn	Ontario	Health care	12.7%
282	Vancouver Kingsway	British Columbia	Health care	12.7%
287	Barrie South—Innisfil	Ontario	Retail trade	12.6%
287	Mississauga—Lakeshore	Ontario	Professional and technical services	12.6%
287	New Westminster—Burnaby—Maillardville	British Columbia	Health care	12.6%
287	Scarborough Centre—Don Valley East	Ontario	Health care	12.6%
291	La Prairie—Atateken	Quebec	Retail trade	12.5%
291	Mont-Saint-Bruno—L’Acadie	Quebec	Health care	12.5%
291	Pierre-Boucher—Les Patriotes—Verchères	Quebec	Health care	12.5%
291	St. Albert—Sturgeon River	Alberta	Health care	12.5%
291	Vaughan—Woodbridge	Ontario	Construction	12.5%
296	Abbotsford—South Langley	British Columbia	Construction	12.4%
296	Airdrie—Cochrane	Alberta	Retail trade	12.4%
296	Burlington North—Milton West	Ontario	Professional and technical services	12.4%
296	Kamloops—Shuswap—Central Rockies	British Columbia	Health care	12.4%
296	West Vancouver—Sunshine Coast—Sea to Sky Country	British Columbia	Professional and technical services	12.4%
301	Calgary Midnapore	Alberta	Health care	12.3%
301	Calgary Nose Hill	Alberta	Health care	12.3%
301	Dufferin—Caledon	Ontario	Construction	12.3%
301	Papineau	Quebec	Health care	12.3%
301	Skeena—Bulkley Valley	British Columbia	Health care	12.3%
301	Surrey Centre	British Columbia	Retail trade	12.3%
301	Vancouver Fraserview—South Burnaby	British Columbia	Health care	12.3%
308	Chilliwack—Hope	British Columbia	Retail trade	12.2%
308	Grande Prairie	Alberta	Retail trade	12.2%
308	Milton East—Halton Hills South	Ontario	Retail trade	12.2%
308	Port Moody—Coquitlam	British Columbia	Professional and technical services	12.2%
312	Burlington	Ontario	Retail trade	12.1%
312	Leduc—Wetaskiwin	Alberta	Construction	12.1%
312	Mississauga—Malton	Ontario	Retail trade	12.1%
312	Pierrefonds—Dollard	Quebec	Health care	12.1%
312	Scarborough North	Ontario	Manufacturing	12.1%
312	Sherwood Park—Fort Saskatchewan	Alberta	Health care	12.1%
318	Ajax	Ontario	Health care	12.0%
318	Vaudreuil	Quebec	Retail trade	12.0%
320	Cloverdale—Langley City	British Columbia	Retail trade	11.9%
320	Flamborough—Glanbrook—Brant North	Ontario	Health care	11.9%
320	Markham—Stouffville	Ontario	Professional and technical services	11.9%
320	Mission—Matsqui—Abbotsford	British Columbia	Construction	11.9%
324	Malpeque	Prince Edward Island	Health care	11.8%
324	Markham—Thornhill	Ontario	Retail trade	11.8%
326	Coquitlam—Port Coquitlam	British Columbia	Health care	11.7%
326	Foothills	Alberta	Health care	11.7%
326	King—Vaughan	Ontario	Construction	11.7%
326	Newmarket—Aurora	Ontario	Retail trade	11.7%
326	Whitby	Ontario	Health care	11.7%
331	Lakeland	Alberta	Health care	11.6%
331	Mississauga East—Cooksville	Ontario	Retail trade	11.6%
333	Scarborough—Agincourt	Ontario	Professional and technical services	11.5%
333	Simcoe—Grey	Ontario	Retail trade	11.5%
335	Huron—Bruce	Ontario	Health care	11.4%
335	South Surrey—White Rock	British Columbia	Health care	11.4%
337	Delta	British Columbia	Retail trade	11.3%
337	Peace River—Westlock	Alberta	Health care	11.3%
339	Langley Township—Fraser Heights	British Columbia	Retail trade	11.2%
340	Bow River	Alberta	Agriculture, forestry and fishing	11.1%
341	Yellowhead	Alberta	Accommodation and food services	10.9%
342	Pickering—Brooklin	Ontario	Health care	10.8%
342	Prince George—Peace River—Northern Rockies	British Columbia	Construction	10.8%

Share: the percentage in the largest group, the group shown on the map. Riding names link to the riding's dissemination-area map for this topic.

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Industry — 2021 Census

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Industry in Canada

The 2021 Census classified employed Canadians by industry sector using the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS 2017). Health care and social assistance was the largest single industry at 13.3 percent of the workforce, followed by retail trade (10.4%) and professional, scientific, and technical services (8.6%). But the national picture conceals extraordinary regional specialization: ridings where a quarter of the workforce is in public administration, where mining and oil extraction employs one in four, or where manufacturing still dominates as it did a generation ago.

Public Administration

Government employment defines the economy of Canada's capital region and the three territories. Nunavut leads at 31.9 percent, where the territorial government and federal agencies are the primary employers in communities with few private-sector alternatives. The Northwest Territories (28.3%) is similar. In southern Canada, Ottawa-Gatineau dominates: Orléans (27.6%), Hull–Aylmer (27.4%), Ottawa Centre (26.2%), and Gatineau (25.0%). The federal public service, concentrated in the National Capital Region, makes these ridings uniquely dependent on government — and uniquely sensitive to federal budget decisions.

Mining, Oil, and Gas

Resource extraction is geographically concentrated to an extreme degree. Fort McMurray–Cold Lake at 24.6 percent is in a class of its own — one in four workers is directly employed in the oil sands. Labrador (18.7%) reflects the Voisey's Bay nickel mine and iron ore operations. Kapuskasing–Timmins–Mushkegowuk (12.8%) represents the gold mining belt of northern Ontario. Grande Prairie (10.8%) is the gateway to the Montney gas play.

Agriculture

Agriculture's geographic concentration rivals mining's. Swift Current–Grasslands–Kindersley leads at 25.7 percent — a quarter of the workforce in farming and related activities. Yorkton–Melville (18.5%) and Souris–Moose Mountain (18.4%) follow. The Canadian grain belt runs from southeastern Saskatchewan through southwestern Manitoba, and the census data shows that these communities are as economically specialized as any resource town.

PEI is the only eastern province with significant agricultural employment — Egmont (13.0%) and Cardigan (12.8%) reflect the island's potato-farming economy.

Healthcare

Healthcare is Canada's largest industry by employment, but it concentrates most heavily in ridings with major hospitals and limited private-sector alternatives. Kenora–Kiiwetinoong leads at 21.5 percent — one in five workers in healthcare — reflecting the Kenora District Health Centre's role as the dominant employer. Sydney–Glace Bay (20.8%) and Long Range Mountains (20.6%) show the same pattern in Atlantic Canada, where provincial governments and healthcare authorities are often the largest employers.

Manufacturing

Manufacturing persists in specific industrial corridors despite decades of globalization. Beauce (23.2%) and Mégantic–L'Érable–Lotbinière (23.0%) in Quebec lead, where small and medium-sized manufacturers produce everything from industrial equipment to maple syrup processing equipment. Oxford (21.3%) in southwestern Ontario represents the automotive parts sector, while Windsor–Tecumseh–Lakeshore (20.9%) is the heart of Canadian auto assembly.

Professional and Technical Services

The professional services sector — consultants, lawyers, accountants, engineers — concentrates in downtown cores. Spadina–Harbourfront leads at 26.1 percent, reflecting the financial district and tech sector along Toronto's waterfront. Ville-Marie (21.1%) in Montreal and Toronto–St. Paul's (20.7%) follow. These ridings are the knowledge-economy centres where ideas and services, not physical goods, are the primary output.

Riding Rankings

Highest Public Administration Share

Rank	Riding	Public Admin %
1	Nunavut	31.9%
2	Northwest Territories	28.3%
3	Orléans	27.6%
4	Hull–Aylmer	27.4%
5	Ottawa Centre	26.2%
6	Pontiac–Kitigan Zibi	25.0%
7	Gatineau	25.0%
8	Yukon	24.9%
9	Ottawa–Vanier–Gloucester	23.1%
10	Nepean	21.5%

The Ottawa-Gatineau belt (Orléans, Hull–Aylmer, Ottawa Centre, Pontiac, Gatineau, Ottawa–Vanier, Nepean) accounts for seven of the top ten, confirming the National Capital Region's near-total dependence on the federal government. The three territories round out the list — communities where government is not just the largest employer but often the only large employer.

Highest Mining & Oil/Gas Share

Rank	Riding	Mining/Oil %
1	Fort McMurray–Cold Lake	24.6%
2	Labrador	18.7%
3	Kapuskasing–Timmins–Mushkegowuk	12.8%
4	Grande Prairie	10.8%
5	Abitibi–Baie-James–Nunavik–Eeyou	10.3%
6	Sudbury East–Manitoulin–Nickel Belt	10.0%
7	Abitibi–Témiscamingue	9.9%
8	Lakeland	9.8%
9	Souris–Moose Mountain	9.4%
10	Calgary Signal Hill	7.9%

Fort McMurray's dominance is absolute — its mining/oil share is 30 percent higher than the runner-up. The list mixes Alberta oil ridings (Fort McMurray, Grande Prairie, Lakeland, Calgary Signal Hill) with hard-rock mining ridings in Ontario (Kapuskasing–Timmins, Sudbury) and Quebec (Abitibi). These are the ridings most exposed to commodity price cycles — when oil or mineral prices fall, unemployment spikes and populations decline.

Highest Manufacturing Share

Rank	Riding	Manufacturing %
1	Beauce	23.2%
2	Mégantic–L'Érable–Lotbinière	23.0%
3	Shefford	21.6%
4	Oxford	21.3%
5	Windsor–Tecumseh–Lakeshore	20.9%
6	Drummond	20.6%
7	Richmond–Arthabaska	20.2%
8	Cambridge	19.3%
9	Essex	19.3%
10	Côte-du-Sud–Rivière-du-Loup–Kataskomiq–Témiscouata	19.0%

Quebec claims six of the top ten manufacturing ridings — a testament to the province's diversified manufacturing base. Beauce is Canada's most manufacturing-intensive region, a corridor of small-to-medium enterprises that produce specialized industrial products. The Ontario entries (Oxford, Windsor, Cambridge, Essex) represent the automotive and parts sector that defines southwestern Ontario's economy.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population. Riding boundaries reflect the 2022 Federal Electoral Districts. Adapted from Statistics Canada; this does not constitute an endorsement by Statistics Canada of this product.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population. Adapted from Statistics Canada, Census of Population, 2021. This does not constitute an endorsement by Statistics Canada of this product.