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Education

Educational attainment levels for the population aged 25–64. — 2021 Census of Population

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Bachelor's+ (%)

Bachelor's degree or higher (aged 25–64)

Distribution by riding

Share of 25-to-64-year-olds with a bachelor's degree or higher by federal riding, 2021 Census. Median 28.2%; range 9.1% (Terra Nova—The Peninsulas) to 74.1% (Spadina—Harbourfront); half of ridings between 19.4% and 41.7%. Canada: 32.9%.

Colour

  • Canada 32.9%

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Vertical axis: Share of 25-to-64-year-olds with a bachelor's degree or higher (%)

Each dot is one federal riding (343 with a figure; 2023 Representation Order), placed by its value and spread across the axis so that dots do not overlap. The line marks the value for Canada as a whole (32.9%). Prairies: Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba. Atlantic: New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, and Newfoundland and Labrador. North: Yukon, the Northwest Territories and Nunavut.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

Highest and lowest ridings

Share of 25-to-64-year-olds with a bachelor's degree or higher by federal riding, 2021 Census. 343 ridings ranked from highest (1) to lowest; tied values share a rank. Bars start at zero on one scale; the vertical line marks the value for Canada (32.9%).

10 highest

The 10 ridings with the highest values: share of 25-to-64-year-olds with a bachelor's degree or higher, 2021 Census
RankRidingBarValue
1Spadina—HarbourfrontON74.1%
2Toronto—St. Paul'sON67.8%
3University—RosedaleON67.5%
4Vancouver QuadraBC67.4%
5Ottawa CentreON66.3%
6WillowdaleON65.8%
7Ville-Marie—Le Sud-Ouest—Île-des-SoeursQC65.3%
8OutremontQC64.2%
9Oakville EastON62.8%
10Don Valley NorthON62.3%

10 lowest

The 10 ridings with the lowest values: share of 25-to-64-year-olds with a bachelor's degree or higher, 2021 Census, lowest first
RankRidingBarValue
343Terra Nova—The PeninsulasNL9.1%
342Desnethé—Missinippi—Churchill RiverSK10.0%
341Central NewfoundlandNL11.6%
340Mégantic—L’Érable—LotbinièreQC11.7%
339Peace River—WestlockAB12.7%
338Abitibi—Baie-James—Nunavik—EeyouQC13.0%
337Churchill—Keewatinook AskiMB13.2%
335Beauharnois—Salaberry—Soulanges—HuntingdonQC13.4%
335Rivière-du-NordQC13.4%
333Miramichi—Grand LakeNB13.5%
All 343 ridings, ranked
All ridings ranked by share of 25-to-64-year-olds with a bachelor's degree or higher, 2021 Census, highest first
RankRidingProvince or territoryValue
1Spadina—HarbourfrontOntario74.1%
2Toronto—St. Paul'sOntario67.8%
3University—RosedaleOntario67.5%
4Vancouver QuadraBritish Columbia67.4%
5Ottawa CentreOntario66.3%
6WillowdaleOntario65.8%
7Ville-Marie—Le Sud-Ouest—Île-des-SoeursQuebec65.3%
8OutremontQuebec64.2%
9Oakville EastOntario62.8%
10Don Valley NorthOntario62.3%
11Vancouver CentreBritish Columbia61.1%
12Toronto CentreOntario60.8%
13Vancouver GranvilleBritish Columbia60.7%
14Notre-Dame-de-Grâce—WestmountQuebec60.4%
15Laurier—Sainte-MarieQuebec60.2%
16Oakville WestOntario59.1%
17Don Valley WestOntario58.0%
18Calgary CentreAlberta57.9%
19ThornhillOntario57.4%
20Calgary Signal HillAlberta57.0%
20Eglinton—LawrenceOntario57.0%
22Taiaiako'n—Parkdale—High ParkOntario56.9%
23Louis-HébertQuebec55.9%
24Calgary ConfederationAlberta55.7%
24Mount RoyalQuebec55.7%
26Toronto—DanforthOntario55.6%
27HalifaxNova Scotia55.5%
28Richmond Hill SouthOntario55.4%
29Markham—UnionvilleOntario55.3%
30Mississauga—Erin MillsOntario55.1%
31Aurora—Oak Ridges—Richmond HillOntario54.6%
32WaterlooOntario54.5%
33North Vancouver—CapilanoBritish Columbia53.9%
34Rosemont—La Petite-PatrieQuebec53.6%
35KanataOntario52.7%
36Calgary CrowfootAlberta52.5%
36Lac-Saint-LouisQuebec52.5%
38Burlington North—Milton WestOntario52.2%
39Edmonton RiverbendAlberta51.8%
40Winnipeg South CentreManitoba51.7%
41Beaches—East YorkOntario51.6%
42Etobicoke—LakeshoreOntario51.4%
43VictoriaBritish Columbia50.9%
44Mississauga CentreOntario50.7%
45Etobicoke CentreOntario49.0%
45Mississauga—StreetsvilleOntario49.0%
45Winnipeg SouthManitoba49.0%
48NepeanOntario48.9%
48Richmond Centre—MarpoleBritish Columbia48.9%
50Brossard—Saint-LambertQuebec48.8%
51Burnaby CentralBritish Columbia48.7%
52Saint-LaurentQuebec48.2%
53Edmonton StrathconaAlberta48.1%
54Burnaby North—SeymourBritish Columbia47.6%
54Ottawa West—NepeanOntario47.6%
56Ottawa—Vanier—GloucesterOntario47.5%
57Markham—StouffvilleOntario47.4%
58Brampton SouthOntario46.2%
59Vancouver EastBritish Columbia46.1%
60Ahuntsic-CartiervilleQuebec45.9%
61Hamilton West—Ancaster—DundasOntario45.8%
62Mississauga—LakeshoreOntario45.2%
62Ottawa SouthOntario45.2%
64Halifax WestNova Scotia44.4%
65Saskatoon—UniversitySaskatchewan44.3%
66PapineauQuebec44.2%
66Saskatoon SouthSaskatchewan44.2%
68CarletonOntario44.0%
68OrléansOntario44.0%
68Québec CentreQuebec44.0%
68Richmond East—StevestonBritish Columbia44.0%
72Port Moody—CoquitlamBritish Columbia43.8%
73Milton East—Halton Hills SouthOntario43.7%
74Brampton WestOntario43.5%
74DavenportOntario43.5%
74Hull—AylmerQuebec43.5%
77King—VaughanOntario43.3%
78Mississauga—MaltonOntario43.2%
78Newmarket—AuroraOntario43.2%
80Calgary SkyviewAlberta43.0%
81Scarborough—AgincourtOntario42.9%
82Fredericton—OromoctoNew Brunswick42.3%
83Calgary HeritageAlberta42.0%
83South Surrey—White RockBritish Columbia42.0%
85LaSalle—Émard—VerdunQuebec41.7%
85New Westminster—Burnaby—MaillardvilleBritish Columbia41.7%
85Vancouver KingswayBritish Columbia41.7%
88Pierrefonds—DollardQuebec41.3%
88West Vancouver—Sunshine Coast—Sea to Sky CountryBritish Columbia41.3%
90London WestOntario41.2%
90Saanich—Gulf IslandsBritish Columbia41.2%
90Vancouver Fraserview—South BurnabyBritish Columbia41.2%
93Coquitlam—Port CoquitlamBritish Columbia41.1%
94BurlingtonOntario41.0%
94St. John's EastNewfoundland and Labrador41.0%
96Hochelaga—Rosemont-EstQuebec40.6%
97York CentreOntario40.5%
98London CentreOntario40.3%
99Edmonton GatewayAlberta40.0%
100CharlottetownPrince Edward Island39.8%
100Mississauga East—CooksvilleOntario39.8%
102Regina—WascanaSaskatchewan39.5%
103Markham—ThornhillOntario39.4%
104Calgary Nose HillAlberta39.0%
104Mont-Saint-Bruno—L’AcadieQuebec39.0%
104St. Boniface—St. VitalManitoba39.0%
107Scarborough SouthwestOntario38.9%
108Pickering—BrooklinOntario38.8%
109Regina—LewvanSaskatchewan38.6%
110GuelphOntario38.5%
111Scarborough Centre—Don Valley EastOntario38.4%
112Edmonton WestAlberta38.3%
113Brampton North—CaledonOntario38.1%
113Calgary ShepardAlberta38.1%
115Brampton EastOntario37.9%
116Vaughan—WoodbridgeOntario37.7%
117Scarborough—WoburnOntario37.4%
118Calgary MidnaporeAlberta37.2%
119Scarborough—Guildwood—Rouge ParkOntario37.0%
120WhitbyOntario36.8%
121Kingston and the IslandsOntario36.5%
122Langley Township—Fraser HeightsBritish Columbia36.4%
123Sackville—Bedford—PrestonNova Scotia36.3%
124AjaxOntario36.1%
125Edmonton CentreAlberta35.8%
126Dorval—Lachine—LaSalleQuebec34.7%
127Longueuil—Saint-HubertQuebec34.2%
128Pontiac—Kitigan ZibiQuebec34.1%
129Marc-Aurèle-FortinQuebec34.0%
130Edmonton SoutheastAlberta33.7%
130Fleetwood—Port KellsBritish Columbia33.7%
130Kitchener CentreOntario33.7%
130Winnipeg WestManitoba33.7%
134Wellington—Halton Hills NorthOntario33.6%
135DeltaBritish Columbia33.2%
136La Prairie—AtatekenQuebec33.0%
137Kitchener South—HespelerOntario32.9%
137YukonYukon32.9%
139Dartmouth—Cole HarbourNova Scotia32.8%
139VimyQuebec32.8%
141Middlesex—LondonOntario32.4%
141SherbrookeQuebec32.4%
143Laval—Les ÎlesQuebec32.1%
144Pierre-Boucher—Les Patriotes—VerchèresQuebec32.0%
144VaudreuilQuebec32.0%
146Brampton CentreOntario31.8%
147Brampton—Chinguacousy ParkOntario31.7%
147Kildonan—St. PaulManitoba31.7%
147Kitchener—ConestogaOntario31.7%
147Scarborough NorthOntario31.7%
147Winnipeg NorthManitoba31.7%
152Moncton—DieppeNew Brunswick31.6%
153Windsor WestOntario31.1%
154Flamborough—Glanbrook—Brant NorthOntario30.9%
155Saint John—KennebecasisNew Brunswick30.8%
156Louis-Saint-Laurent—AkiawenhrahkQuebec30.4%
157Alfred-PellanQuebec30.2%
158Surrey NewtonBritish Columbia29.9%
159Esquimalt—Saanich—SookeBritish Columbia29.8%
160Surrey CentreBritish Columbia29.7%
160Thérèse-De BlainvilleQuebec29.7%
160Winnipeg CentreManitoba29.7%
163Lévis—LotbinièreQuebec29.4%
164Edmonton NorthwestAlberta29.3%
165Beloeil—ChamblyQuebec28.7%
165Cloverdale—Langley CityBritish Columbia28.7%
165Niagara WestOntario28.7%
168Etobicoke NorthOntario28.6%
169Bowmanville—Oshawa NorthOntario28.4%
169Hamilton CentreOntario28.4%
171Longueuil—Charles-LeMoyneQuebec28.2%
171Okanagan Lake West—South KelownaBritish Columbia28.2%
173KelownaBritish Columbia28.1%
174Cape SpearNewfoundland and Labrador28.0%
175Beauport—LimoilouQuebec27.8%
176CardiganPrince Edward Island27.5%
177Calgary McKnightAlberta27.4%
178Airdrie—CochraneAlberta27.3%
179SudburyOntario27.2%
180Honoré-MercierQuebec27.1%
181Windsor—Tecumseh—LakeshoreOntario26.9%
182EssexOntario26.8%
182Thunder Bay—Superior NorthOntario26.8%
184St. CatharinesOntario26.5%
185Northwest TerritoriesNorthwest Territories26.4%
185YellowheadAlberta26.4%
187Hamilton East—Stoney CreekOntario26.3%
187Nanaimo—LadysmithBritish Columbia26.3%
189New Tecumseth—GwillimburyOntario26.2%
190Niagara Falls—Niagara-on-the-LakeOntario26.0%
191Charlesbourg—Haute-Saint-CharlesQuebec25.9%
191GatineauQuebec25.9%
191PeterboroughOntario25.9%
194MalpequePrince Edward Island25.8%
195Dufferin—CaledonOntario25.7%
195Saint-Léonard—Saint-MichelQuebec25.7%
195Trois-RivièresQuebec25.7%
198Rivière-des-Mille-ÎlesQuebec25.6%
199LethbridgeAlberta25.3%
200Barrie—Springwater—Oro-MedonteOntario25.2%
201Elmwood—TransconaManitoba25.0%
201Saskatoon WestSaskatchewan25.0%
203Sherwood Park—Fort SaskatchewanAlberta24.9%
204Brome—MissisquoiQuebec24.6%
204La Pointe-de-l'ÎleQuebec24.6%
206York—DurhamOntario24.4%
207Portneuf—Jacques-CartierQuebec24.2%
208Barrie South—InnisfilOntario23.8%
208Montmorency—CharlevoixQuebec23.8%
210Hamilton MountainOntario23.7%
210St. Albert—Sturgeon RiverAlberta23.7%
212York South—Weston—EtobicokeOntario23.6%
213CambridgeOntario23.4%
213Cowichan—Malahat—LangfordBritish Columbia23.4%
215Compton—StansteadQuebec23.3%
216Pitt Meadows—Maple RidgeBritish Columbia23.2%
217BeauséjourNew Brunswick23.1%
217FoothillsAlberta23.1%
219Cape Breton—Canso—AntigonishNova Scotia22.6%
219Edmonton ManningAlberta22.6%
221Kings—HantsNova Scotia22.5%
222Humber River—Black CreekOntario22.4%
223Chicoutimi—Le FjordQuebec22.2%
223Prescott—Russell—CumberlandOntario22.2%
225Columbia—Kootenay—Southern RockiesBritish Columbia22.0%
226Brandon—SourisManitoba21.9%
226Simcoe—GreyOntario21.9%
228Bellechasse—Les Etchemins—LévisQuebec21.8%
229Mission—Matsqui—AbbotsfordBritish Columbia21.7%
230BourassaQuebec21.6%
230Sydney—Glace BayNova Scotia21.6%
232Courtenay—AlberniBritish Columbia21.4%
232RepentignyQuebec21.4%
234Red DeerAlberta21.3%
235Kamloops—Shuswap—Central RockiesBritish Columbia21.1%
235Rimouski—La MatapédiaQuebec21.1%
237Les Pays-d'en-HautQuebec20.9%
238TerrebonneQuebec20.8%
239Abbotsford—South LangleyBritish Columbia20.6%
239Lanark—FrontenacOntario20.6%
241North Island—Powell RiverBritish Columbia20.5%
241Sault Ste. Marie—AlgomaOntario20.5%
243Edmonton GriesbachAlberta20.4%
243Regina—Qu'AppelleSaskatchewan20.4%
245Fort McMurray—Cold LakeAlberta20.0%
245Thunder Bay—Rainy RiverOntario20.0%
245Vernon—Lake Country—MonasheeBritish Columbia20.0%
248Tobique—MactaquacNew Brunswick19.9%
249South Shore—St. MargaretsNova Scotia19.8%
250Brantford—Brant South—Six NationsOntario19.7%
250Northumberland—ClarkeOntario19.7%
250Similkameen—South Okanagan—West KootenayBritish Columbia19.7%
253Kamloops—Thompson—NicolaBritish Columbia19.6%
253Nipissing—TimiskamingOntario19.6%
255Elgin—St. Thomas—London SouthOntario19.5%
255Moose Jaw—Lake Centre—LaniganSaskatchewan19.5%
255Parry Sound—MuskokaOntario19.5%
258Carlton Trail—Eagle CreekSaskatchewan19.4%
258OshawaOntario19.4%
260Calgary EastAlberta19.3%
260Huron—BruceOntario19.3%
262MirabelQuebec19.2%
263London—FanshaweOntario19.1%
263Portage—LisgarManitoba19.1%
265Cumberland—ColchesterNova Scotia19.0%
266Leeds—Grenville—Thousand Islands—Rideau LakesOntario18.8%
266Sarnia—Lambton—BkejwanongOntario18.8%
268Central NovaNova Scotia18.7%
269Saint-JeanQuebec18.4%
270Bay of QuinteOntario18.3%
270Cariboo—Prince GeorgeBritish Columbia18.3%
270Fundy RoyalNew Brunswick18.3%
270Niagara SouthOntario18.3%
270Simcoe NorthOntario18.3%
275Châteauguay—Les Jardins-de-NapiervilleQuebec18.1%
276Chilliwack—HopeBritish Columbia18.0%
277AvalonNewfoundland and Labrador17.8%
278Medicine Hat—Cardston—WarnerAlberta17.6%
278Perth—WellingtonOntario17.6%
278Prince AlbertSaskatchewan17.6%
278Saint John—St. CroixNew Brunswick17.6%
282Bow RiverAlberta17.5%
282JonquièreQuebec17.5%
284Skeena—Bulkley ValleyBritish Columbia17.3%
285Haliburton—Kawartha LakesOntario17.2%
286ProvencherManitoba17.1%
287Algonquin—Renfrew—PembrokeOntario17.0%
288Laurentides—LabelleQuebec16.7%
289OxfordOntario16.6%
290Bruce—Grey—Owen SoundOntario16.4%
290EgmontPrince Edward Island16.4%
290Leduc—WetaskiwinAlberta16.4%
290Swift Current—Grasslands—KindersleySaskatchewan16.4%
294Abitibi—TémiscamingueQuebec16.2%
295Acadie—AnnapolisNova Scotia16.1%
295DrummondQuebec16.1%
295Grande PrairieAlberta16.1%
298SheffordQuebec16.0%
299Prince George—Peace River—Northern RockiesBritish Columbia15.9%
299Richmond—ArthabaskaQuebec15.9%
301Madawaska—RestigoucheNew Brunswick15.8%
302Joliette—ManawanQuebec15.7%
303Battlefords—Lloydminster—Meadow LakeSaskatchewan15.5%
303Hastings—Lennox and Addington—TyendinagaOntario15.5%
305Kenora—KiiwetinoongOntario15.3%
305LabradorNewfoundland and Labrador15.3%
305Lac-Saint-JeanQuebec15.3%
308Battle River—CrowfootAlberta15.2%
308ParklandAlberta15.2%
310Ponoka—DidsburyAlberta15.1%
310Selkirk—Interlake—EastmanManitoba15.1%
312Gaspésie—Les Îles-de-la-Madeleine—ListugujQuebec14.9%
313Bécancour—Nicolet—Saurel—AlnôbakQuebec14.8%
313Côte-du-Sud—Rivière-du-Loup—Kataskomiq—TémiscouataQuebec14.8%
313Long Range MountainsNewfoundland and Labrador14.8%
313Saint-Maurice—ChamplainQuebec14.8%
313Stormont—Dundas—GlengarryOntario14.8%
318Sudbury East—Manitoulin—Nickel BeltOntario14.7%
319BeauceQuebec14.6%
319Chatham-Kent—LeamingtonOntario14.6%
319Yorkton—MelvilleSaskatchewan14.6%
322Haldimand—NorfolkOntario14.5%
322LakelandAlberta14.5%
322Saint-Hyacinthe—Bagot—ActonQuebec14.5%
325Riding MountainManitoba14.4%
326Souris—Moose MountainSaskatchewan14.3%
327Acadie—BathurstNew Brunswick14.2%
328Argenteuil—La Petite-NationQuebec14.1%
328NunavutNunavut14.1%
330Côte-Nord—Kawawachikamach—NitassinanQuebec14.0%
331MontcalmQuebec13.8%
332Kapuskasing—Timmins—MushkegowukOntario13.7%
333Berthier—MaskinongéQuebec13.5%
333Miramichi—Grand LakeNew Brunswick13.5%
335Beauharnois—Salaberry—Soulanges—HuntingdonQuebec13.4%
335Rivière-du-NordQuebec13.4%
337Churchill—Keewatinook AskiManitoba13.2%
338Abitibi—Baie-James—Nunavik—EeyouQuebec13.0%
339Peace River—WestlockAlberta12.7%
340Mégantic—L’Érable—LotbinièreQuebec11.7%
341Central NewfoundlandNewfoundland and Labrador11.6%
342Desnethé—Missinippi—Churchill RiverSaskatchewan10.0%
343Terra Nova—The PeninsulasNewfoundland and Labrador9.1%

Value: Bachelor's degree or higher (aged 25–64). Riding names link to the riding's dissemination-area map for this topic.

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Education — 2021 Census

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Education in Canada

Canada is one of the most educated countries in the world. The 2021 Census found that 57.5 percent of Canadians aged 25 to 64 held a postsecondary certificate, diploma, or degree — the highest rate among OECD nations. Among those, 32.9 percent had a bachelor's degree or higher. But these national figures conceal a dramatic education gap between urban professional ridings and rural or northern communities where many adults lack even a high school diploma.

Bachelor's Degree or Higher

The university-educated population clusters overwhelmingly in a handful of affluent urban ridings. Vancouver Quadra leads at 93.8 percent with a bachelor's degree or higher among 25-to-64-year-olds, followed by University–Rosedale (92.7%) and Toronto–St. Paul's (90.6%). The top ten reads like a directory of Canada's wealthiest and most professional urban cores: Ottawa Centre, Outremont, NDG–Westmount, Spadina–Harbourfront.

At the other extreme, Terra Nova–The Peninsulas has the lowest rate at just 16.5 percent, followed by Central Newfoundland (19.5%) and Montcalm in Quebec (20.3%). The gap is stark: residents of Vancouver Quadra are nearly six times more likely to hold a university degree than those in rural Newfoundland.

No Certificate, Diploma, or Degree

The "no certificate" metric captures adults aged 25–64 who did not complete high school. Nationally this share has been declining for decades, but in northern and Indigenous communities it remains very high. Nunavut and Desnethé–Missinippi–Churchill River top the list, reflecting the systemic barriers to educational attainment in remote Indigenous communities — geographic isolation, underfunded schools, and the intergenerational effects of the residential school system.

Rural Atlantic Canada and northern Quebec also appear prominently. In these communities, resource-sector employment historically provided a livelihood without formal credentials, but as those industries decline, the lack of educational attainment becomes an economic liability.

Riding Rankings

Most University-Educated Ridings (Bachelor's+)

RankRidingBachelor's+ %
1Vancouver Quadra93.8%
2University–Rosedale92.7%
3Toronto–St. Paul's90.6%
4Ottawa Centre90.4%
5Outremont87.2%
6Ville-Marie–Le Sud-Ouest–Île-des-Soeurs87.0%
7Spadina–Harbourfront84.9%
8Notre-Dame-de-Grâce–Westmount84.8%
9Don Valley North84.8%
10Willowdale83.8%

These ridings combine high household incomes, professional employment, and — in the case of the Toronto and Vancouver ridings — large immigrant populations selected through Canada's points-based system, which heavily favours university education. Don Valley North and Willowdale reflect the GTA's skilled-immigrant corridor, while Ottawa Centre reflects the federal public service's credential requirements.

Least University-Educated Ridings (Bachelor's+)

RankRidingBachelor's+ %
1Terra Nova–The Peninsulas16.5%
2Central Newfoundland19.5%
3Montcalm20.3%
4Labrador20.7%
5Mégantic–L'Érable–Lotbinière20.9%
6Peace River–Westlock21.0%
7Souris–Moose Mountain21.2%
8Desnethé–Missinippi–Churchill River21.4%
9Rivière-du-Nord21.6%
10Kapuskasing–Timmins–Mushkegowuk21.6%

Newfoundland, rural Quebec, and the prairies dominate. These are communities where skilled trades, resource extraction, and agriculture provide employment that doesn't require a university degree. The low rates are not necessarily signs of dysfunction — Beauce and Lévis in Quebec have very low university rates but also very low unemployment and high household incomes — but they do reflect economic structures that are increasingly vulnerable to automation and resource depletion.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population. Riding boundaries reflect the 2022 Federal Electoral Districts. Adapted from Statistics Canada; this does not constitute an endorsement by Statistics Canada of this product.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population. Adapted from Statistics Canada, Census of Population, 2021. This does not constitute an endorsement by Statistics Canada of this product.