Mother Tongue

Mother tongue language distribution, highlighting non-official language diversity. — 2011 Census of Population

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EnglishFrenchMandarinCantonesePunjabiTagalogSpanishArabicOther Non-Official

Opacity indicates share of population — darker means a higher percentage.

Predominant Language

Most common mother tongue, shaded by percentage of population

Distribution by riding

Most common mother tongue by federal riding, 2011 Census. English in 233 of 308 ridings, French in 75. Highest share: 99.4% (English, Avalon).

Colour

Find a riding

Median riding 82.9%

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Vertical axis: Share of the largest group (%)

Each dot is one federal riding (308 with a figure; 2003 Representation Order), placed by its value and spread across the axis so that dots do not overlap. The line marks the median riding (82.9%). Colour: the largest group, as on the map; position: that group’s share.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2011 Census of Population.

Highest and lowest ridings

Most common mother tongue by federal riding, 2011 Census. 308 ridings ranked from highest (1) to lowest; tied values share a rank. Bars start at zero on one scale; the vertical line marks the median riding (82.9%).

10 highest

The 10 ridings with the highest values: most common mother tongue, 2011 Census
Rank	Riding	Share
1	AvalonNLEnglish	99.4%
2	Bonavista—Gander—Grand Falls—WindsorNLEnglish	99.2%
2	Haute-Gaspésie—La Mitis—Matane—MatapédiaQCFrench	99.2%
2	Montmagny—L'Islet—Kamouraska—Rivière-du-LoupQCFrench	99.2%
5	Humber—St. Barbe—Baie VerteNLEnglish	99.1%
5	Roberval—Lac-Saint-JeanQCFrench	99.1%
7	BeauceQCFrench	98.9%
7	Jonquière—AlmaQCFrench	98.9%
7	Rimouski-Neigette—Témiscouata—Les BasquesQCFrench	98.9%
10	Montmorency—Charlevoix—Haute-Côte-NordQCFrench	98.7%

10 lowest

The 10 ridings with the lowest values: most common mother tongue, 2011 Census, lowest first
Rank	Riding	Share
308	NunavutNUEnglish	28.4%
307	Scarborough—AgincourtONEnglish	30.2%
306	Saint-Laurent—CartiervilleQCFrench	31.7%
305	Vancouver SouthBCEnglish	32.1%
304	Saint-Léonard—Saint-MichelQCFrench	32.8%
303	Mont-RoyalQCEnglish	33.0%
302	RichmondBCEnglish	33.3%
301	Markham—UnionvilleONEnglish	34.2%
300	WillowdaleONEnglish	35.1%
299	Pierrefonds—DollardQCEnglish	35.5%

All 308 ridings, ranked

All ridings ranked by most common mother tongue, 2011 Census, highest first
Rank	Riding	Province or territory	Largest group	Share
1	Avalon	Newfoundland and Labrador	English	99.4%
2	Bonavista—Gander—Grand Falls—Windsor	Newfoundland and Labrador	English	99.2%
2	Haute-Gaspésie—La Mitis—Matane—Matapédia	Quebec	French	99.2%
2	Montmagny—L'Islet—Kamouraska—Rivière-du-Loup	Quebec	French	99.2%
5	Humber—St. Barbe—Baie Verte	Newfoundland and Labrador	English	99.1%
5	Roberval—Lac-Saint-Jean	Quebec	French	99.1%
7	Beauce	Quebec	French	98.9%
7	Jonquière—Alma	Quebec	French	98.9%
7	Rimouski-Neigette—Témiscouata—Les Basques	Quebec	French	98.9%
10	Montmorency—Charlevoix—Haute-Côte-Nord	Quebec	French	98.7%
11	Random—Burin—St. George's	Newfoundland and Labrador	English	98.6%
12	Chicoutimi—Le Fjord	Quebec	French	98.4%
12	Lévis—Bellechasse	Quebec	French	98.4%
14	Lotbinière—Chutes-de-la-Chaudière	Quebec	French	98.3%
15	Mégantic—L'Érable	Quebec	French	98.2%
16	Bas-Richelieu—Nicolet—Bécancour	Quebec	French	98.1%
17	Berthier—Maskinongé	Quebec	French	98.0%
18	St. John's South—Mount Pearl	Newfoundland and Labrador	English	97.8%
19	Portneuf—Jacques-Cartier	Quebec	French	97.3%
20	Cumberland—Colchester—Musquodoboit Valley	Nova Scotia	English	97.2%
20	South Shore—St. Margaret's	Nova Scotia	English	97.2%
22	Drummond	Quebec	French	96.9%
22	Saint-Hyacinthe—Bagot	Quebec	French	96.9%
22	Trois-Rivières	Quebec	French	96.9%
25	Charlesbourg—Haute-Saint-Charles	Quebec	French	96.8%
25	Louis-Saint-Laurent	Quebec	French	96.8%
27	St. John's East	Newfoundland and Labrador	English	96.5%
28	Central Nova	Nova Scotia	English	96.4%
29	Kings—Hants	Nova Scotia	English	96.2%
30	Verchères—Les Patriotes	Quebec	French	96.1%
31	Cardigan	Prince Edward Island	English	95.9%
31	Malpeque	Prince Edward Island	English	95.9%
31	Richmond—Arthabaska	Quebec	French	95.9%
34	Rivière-du-Nord	Quebec	French	95.8%
35	Abitibi—Témiscamingue	Quebec	French	95.7%
36	Sackville—Eastern Shore	Nova Scotia	English	95.6%
37	Saint-Jean	Quebec	French	95.3%
38	Beauport—Limoilou	Quebec	French	95.2%
39	Saint-Maurice—Champlain	Quebec	French	94.9%
40	Fundy Royal	New Brunswick	English	94.7%
41	Repentigny	Quebec	French	94.6%
41	Shefford	Quebec	French	94.6%
43	Chambly—Borduas	Quebec	French	94.5%
43	New Brunswick Southwest	New Brunswick	English	94.5%
45	Haliburton—Kawartha Lakes—Brock	Ontario	English	94.4%
45	Lanark—Frontenac—Lennox and Addington	Ontario	English	94.4%
45	Montcalm	Quebec	French	94.4%
48	Joliette	Quebec	French	94.1%
48	Prince Edward—Hastings	Ontario	English	94.1%
50	Peterborough	Ontario	English	93.6%
51	Parry Sound—Muskoka	Ontario	English	93.5%
52	Northumberland—Quinte West	Ontario	English	93.3%
53	Laurentides—Labelle	Quebec	French	93.2%
53	Souris—Moose Mountain	Saskatchewan	English	93.2%
55	Leeds—Grenville	Ontario	English	92.9%
55	Sydney—Victoria	Nova Scotia	English	92.9%
57	Bruce—Grey—Owen Sound	Ontario	English	92.8%
57	Dartmouth—Cole Harbour	Nova Scotia	English	92.8%
59	Québec	Quebec	French	92.7%
60	Durham	Ontario	English	92.3%
61	Terrebonne—Blainville	Quebec	French	92.0%
62	Huron—Bruce	Ontario	English	91.6%
62	Nanaimo—Cowichan	British Columbia	English	91.6%
62	Regina—Lumsden—Lake Centre	Saskatchewan	English	91.6%
62	Vancouver Island North	British Columbia	English	91.6%
66	Saint John	New Brunswick	English	91.4%
66	Sherbrooke	Quebec	French	91.4%
68	Louis-Hébert	Quebec	French	91.2%
69	Kootenay—Columbia	British Columbia	English	91.0%
69	Regina—Qu'Appelle	Saskatchewan	English	91.0%
71	Renfrew—Nipissing—Pembroke	Ontario	English	90.8%
72	Argenteuil—Papineau—Mirabel	Quebec	French	90.7%
72	Sarnia—Lambton	Ontario	English	90.7%
74	Lambton—Kent—Middlesex	Ontario	English	90.5%
74	Yellowhead	Alberta	English	90.5%
76	Cape Breton—Canso	Nova Scotia	English	90.4%
76	Simcoe North	Ontario	English	90.4%
78	Okanagan—Shuswap	British Columbia	English	90.3%
78	Prince George—Peace River	British Columbia	English	90.3%
80	Oxford	Ontario	English	90.2%
80	Simcoe—Grey	Ontario	English	90.2%
82	Kamloops—Thompson—Cariboo	British Columbia	English	90.1%
82	Wetaskiwin	Alberta	English	90.1%
84	Red Deer	Alberta	English	89.9%
85	Thunder Bay—Rainy River	Ontario	English	89.7%
86	Brant	Ontario	English	89.6%
87	Haldimand—Norfolk	Ontario	English	89.5%
87	Nanaimo—Alberni	British Columbia	English	89.5%
89	Egmont	Prince Edward Island	English	89.4%
90	Charlottetown	Prince Edward Island	English	89.2%
91	Beauharnois—Salaberry	Quebec	French	89.0%
91	Cariboo—Prince George	British Columbia	English	89.0%
91	Vegreville—Wainwright	Alberta	English	89.0%
94	Wellington—Halton Hills	Ontario	English	88.9%
95	Palliser	Saskatchewan	English	88.6%
96	Esquimalt—Juan de Fuca	British Columbia	English	88.5%
97	Barrie	Ontario	English	88.3%
97	Prince Albert	Saskatchewan	English	88.3%
99	Wild Rose	Alberta	English	88.1%
100	Battlefords—Lloydminster	Saskatchewan	English	88.0%
100	Chilliwack—Fraser Canyon	British Columbia	English	88.0%
100	Okanagan—Coquihalla	British Columbia	English	88.0%
100	Oshawa	Ontario	English	88.0%
104	Yorkton—Melville	Saskatchewan	English	87.8%
105	Gaspésie—Îles-de-la-Madeleine	Quebec	French	87.7%
105	Macleod	Alberta	English	87.7%
107	Labrador	Newfoundland and Labrador	English	87.6%
107	Sault Ste. Marie	Ontario	English	87.6%
109	Halifax	Nova Scotia	English	87.5%
109	Halifax West	Nova Scotia	English	87.5%
111	Perth—Wellington	Ontario	English	87.4%
111	Skeena—Bulkley Valley	British Columbia	English	87.4%
113	Crowfoot	Alberta	English	87.3%
113	Longueuil—Pierre-Boucher	Quebec	French	87.3%
113	Rivière-des-Mille-Îles	Quebec	French	87.3%
116	Fredericton	New Brunswick	English	87.2%
117	Gatineau	Quebec	French	87.0%
118	Charleswood—St. James—Assiniboia	Manitoba	English	86.9%
119	York—Simcoe	Ontario	English	86.8%
120	Selkirk—Interlake	Manitoba	English	86.7%
121	Kingston and the Islands	Ontario	English	86.6%
121	Westlock—St. Paul	Alberta	English	86.6%
123	British Columbia Southern Interior	British Columbia	English	86.4%
124	Kelowna—Lake Country	British Columbia	English	86.3%
125	Brandon—Souris	Manitoba	English	85.8%
126	Compton—Stanstead	Quebec	French	85.7%
127	Blackstrap	Saskatchewan	English	85.6%
127	Elgin—Middlesex—London	Ontario	English	85.6%
129	Pitt Meadows—Maple Ridge—Mission	British Columbia	English	85.2%
129	Whitby—Oshawa	Ontario	English	85.2%
131	Victoria	British Columbia	English	85.0%
132	Dufferin—Caledon	Ontario	English	84.9%
132	Lethbridge	Alberta	English	84.9%
134	Acadie—Bathurst	New Brunswick	French	84.8%
134	Cypress Hills—Grasslands	Saskatchewan	English	84.8%
136	Yukon	Yukon	English	84.7%
137	Essex	Ontario	English	84.6%
137	La Pointe-de-l'Île	Quebec	French	84.6%
139	Saanich—Gulf Islands	British Columbia	English	84.4%
140	Edmonton—Sherwood Park	Alberta	English	84.3%
140	Niagara West—Glanbrook	Ontario	English	84.3%
142	Langley	British Columbia	English	84.2%
142	West Nova	Nova Scotia	English	84.2%
144	Saskatoon—Humboldt	Saskatchewan	English	84.1%
145	Burlington	Ontario	English	84.0%
146	Wascana	Saskatchewan	English	83.9%
147	Dauphin—Swan River—Marquette	Manitoba	English	83.7%
147	Saskatoon—Wanuskewin	Saskatchewan	English	83.7%
149	Manicouagan	Quebec	French	83.6%
150	Saskatoon—Rosetown—Biggar	Saskatchewan	English	83.5%
151	Calgary Southeast	Alberta	English	83.2%
152	Kenora	Ontario	English	83.1%
153	Thunder Bay—Superior North	Ontario	English	83.0%
154	Brome—Missisquoi	Quebec	French	82.9%
154	Medicine Hat	Alberta	English	82.9%
156	Ancaster—Dundas—Flamborough—Westdale	Ontario	English	82.7%
156	Madawaska—Restigouche	New Brunswick	French	82.7%
158	Marc-Aurèle-Fortin	Quebec	French	82.5%
158	Saint-Bruno—Saint-Hubert	Quebec	French	82.5%
158	Welland	Ontario	English	82.5%
161	Niagara Falls	Ontario	English	82.2%
162	Cambridge	Ontario	English	81.5%
162	St. Catharines	Ontario	English	81.5%
164	Chatham-Kent—Essex	Ontario	English	81.3%
164	Tobique—Mactaquac	New Brunswick	English	81.3%
166	Winnipeg South Centre	Manitoba	English	81.2%
167	Edmonton—Spruce Grove	Alberta	English	80.6%
168	Fort McMurray—Athabasca	Alberta	English	80.4%
168	London West	Ontario	English	80.4%
170	Guelph	Ontario	English	80.3%
170	Peace River	Alberta	English	80.3%
172	Elmwood—Transcona	Manitoba	English	79.6%
173	Nipissing—Timiskaming	Ontario	English	79.4%
174	West Vancouver—Sunshine Coast—Sea to Sky Country	British Columbia	English	79.0%
175	London North Centre	Ontario	English	78.8%
175	South Surrey—White Rock—Cloverdale	British Columbia	English	78.8%
177	Châteauguay—Saint-Constant	Quebec	French	78.5%
178	Ajax—Pickering	Ontario	English	78.2%
179	London—Fanshawe	Ontario	English	78.0%
180	Edmonton—St. Albert	Alberta	English	77.8%
181	Calgary Centre-North	Alberta	English	77.7%
182	Rosemont—La Petite-Patrie	Quebec	French	77.6%
183	Carleton—Mississippi Mills	Ontario	English	77.5%
183	Western Arctic	Northwest Territories	English	77.5%
185	Newmarket—Aurora	Ontario	English	77.4%
186	Hochelaga	Quebec	French	77.3%
187	Edmonton—Strathcona	Alberta	English	76.9%
188	Calgary West	Alberta	English	76.1%
189	Pickering—Scarborough East	Ontario	English	75.7%
190	Windsor—Tecumseh	Ontario	English	75.6%
191	Saint-Lambert	Quebec	French	75.5%
192	Pontiac	Quebec	French	75.4%
193	Stormont—Dundas—South Glengarry	Ontario	English	75.0%
194	Calgary Centre	Alberta	English	74.6%
195	Kitchener—Conestoga	Ontario	English	74.3%
196	Kitchener Centre	Ontario	English	74.0%
196	Oakville	Ontario	English	74.0%
198	North Vancouver	British Columbia	English	73.7%
199	Edmonton Centre	Alberta	English	73.6%
199	Kitchener—Waterloo	Ontario	English	73.6%
201	Hamilton Mountain	Ontario	English	73.2%
202	Hamilton Centre	Ontario	English	73.1%
203	Calgary Southwest	Alberta	English	72.9%
204	Edmonton—Leduc	Alberta	English	72.6%
205	Nepean—Carleton	Ontario	English	72.4%
206	Laurier—Sainte-Marie	Quebec	French	72.3%
207	Saint Boniface	Manitoba	English	71.7%
208	Kildonan—St. Paul	Manitoba	English	71.6%
209	Halton	Ontario	English	71.3%
210	Calgary East	Alberta	English	70.7%
211	Ottawa Centre	Ontario	English	70.6%
212	Hamilton East—Stoney Creek	Ontario	English	70.3%
212	Winnipeg South	Manitoba	English	70.3%
214	Miramichi	New Brunswick	English	70.2%
215	Beaches—East York	Ontario	English	70.0%
215	Sudbury	Ontario	English	70.0%
217	St. Paul's	Ontario	English	69.4%
218	Hull—Aylmer	Quebec	French	69.3%
219	Vaudreuil-Soulanges	Quebec	French	69.0%
220	Alfred-Pellan	Quebec	French	68.6%
221	Portage—Lisgar	Manitoba	English	67.9%
222	Provencher	Manitoba	English	67.3%
223	Edmonton East	Alberta	English	67.2%
224	Abbotsford	British Columbia	English	67.0%
224	Winnipeg Centre	Manitoba	English	67.0%
226	Windsor West	Ontario	English	66.7%
227	Mississauga South	Ontario	English	66.0%
228	New Westminster—Coquitlam	British Columbia	English	65.5%
229	Edmonton—Mill Woods—Beaumont	Alberta	English	65.4%
229	Ottawa West—Nepean	Ontario	English	65.4%
231	Laval	Quebec	French	65.3%
232	Desnethé—Missinippi—Churchill River	Saskatchewan	English	64.7%
233	Algoma—Manitoulin—Kapuskasing	Ontario	English	64.6%
234	Vancouver Centre	British Columbia	English	64.3%
235	Abitibi—Baie-James—Nunavik—Eeyou	Quebec	French	64.0%
236	Toronto—Danforth	Ontario	English	63.7%
237	Calgary—Nose Hill	Alberta	English	63.6%
238	Brossard—La Prairie	Quebec	French	63.5%
239	Eglinton—Lawrence	Ontario	English	63.1%
240	Parkdale—High Park	Ontario	English	63.0%
241	Delta—Richmond East	British Columbia	English	62.8%
242	Timmins—James Bay	Ontario	English	62.1%
243	Churchill	Manitoba	English	62.0%
243	Vancouver Quadra	British Columbia	English	62.0%
245	Port Moody—Westwood—Port Coquitlam	British Columbia	English	61.8%
246	Toronto Centre	Ontario	English	61.7%
246	Winnipeg North	Manitoba	English	61.7%
248	Trinity—Spadina	Ontario	English	60.2%
249	Etobicoke—Lakeshore	Ontario	English	59.7%
249	Glengarry—Prescott—Russell	Ontario	French	59.7%
251	Moncton—Riverview—Dieppe	New Brunswick	English	59.4%
252	Scarborough Southwest	Ontario	English	59.3%
253	Jeanne-Le Ber	Quebec	French	58.6%
254	Beauséjour	New Brunswick	French	58.3%
255	Vancouver East	British Columbia	English	57.7%
256	Brampton West	Ontario	English	57.6%
257	Nickel Belt	Ontario	English	56.3%
258	Ahuntsic	Quebec	French	56.2%
258	Honoré-Mercier	Quebec	French	56.2%
258	Ottawa South	Ontario	English	56.2%
261	Scarborough—Guildwood	Ontario	English	56.1%
262	Mississauga—Streetsville	Ontario	English	55.7%
263	Brampton—Springdale	Ontario	English	55.1%
264	Ottawa—Orléans	Ontario	English	54.7%
265	Don Valley West	Ontario	English	54.4%
266	Etobicoke Centre	Ontario	English	54.1%
267	Bourassa	Quebec	French	54.0%
268	Oak Ridges—Markham	Ontario	English	52.2%
269	Fleetwood—Port Kells	British Columbia	English	51.6%
270	Ottawa—Vanier	Ontario	English	50.6%
271	Laval—Les Îles	Quebec	French	50.3%
272	York South—Weston	Ontario	English	49.9%
273	Calgary Northeast	Alberta	English	49.7%
274	Bramalea—Gore—Malton	Ontario	English	49.3%
275	Mississauga—Erindale	Ontario	English	49.2%
276	Papineau	Quebec	French	48.5%
277	Burnaby—Douglas	British Columbia	English	47.8%
278	Lac-Saint-Louis	Quebec	English	47.6%
278	Scarborough Centre	Ontario	English	47.6%
278	Thornhill	Ontario	English	47.6%
281	Davenport	Ontario	English	47.5%
281	Vaughan	Ontario	English	47.5%
283	Surrey North	British Columbia	English	46.2%
284	Etobicoke North	Ontario	English	45.5%
285	LaSalle—Émard	Quebec	French	45.4%
286	Newton—North Delta	British Columbia	English	44.6%
287	York West	Ontario	English	44.0%
288	Outremont	Quebec	French	43.9%
289	Burnaby—New Westminster	British Columbia	English	43.4%
290	Don Valley East	Ontario	English	42.1%
291	Mississauga—Brampton South	Ontario	English	41.6%
292	Vancouver Kingsway	British Columbia	English	40.5%
292	York Centre	Ontario	English	40.5%
294	Richmond Hill	Ontario	English	40.4%
295	Mississauga East—Cooksville	Ontario	English	39.6%
296	Scarborough—Rouge River	Ontario	English	37.4%
297	Westmount—Ville-Marie	Quebec	English	36.9%
298	Notre-Dame-de-Grâce—Lachine	Quebec	French	36.5%
299	Pierrefonds—Dollard	Quebec	English	35.5%
300	Willowdale	Ontario	English	35.1%
301	Markham—Unionville	Ontario	English	34.2%
302	Richmond	British Columbia	English	33.3%
303	Mont-Royal	Quebec	English	33.0%
304	Saint-Léonard—Saint-Michel	Quebec	French	32.8%
305	Vancouver South	British Columbia	English	32.1%
306	Saint-Laurent—Cartierville	Quebec	French	31.7%
307	Scarborough—Agincourt	Ontario	English	30.2%
308	Nunavut	Nunavut	English	28.4%

Share: the percentage in the largest group, the group shown on the map. Riding names link to the riding's dissemination-area map for this topic.

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Source: Statistics Canada, 2011 Census of Population. Adapted from Statistics Canada, Census of Population, 2011. This does not constitute an endorsement by Statistics Canada of this product.