Citizenship & Immigration

Citizenship status, immigrant period of arrival, and non-permanent residents. — 2021 Census of Population

Map loading...

Non-Citizens (%)

Not Canadian citizens as percentage of total

Distribution by riding

Share of residents who are not Canadian citizens by federal riding, 2021 Census. Median 6.5%; range 0.6% (Avalon; Terra Nova—The Peninsulas) to 28.7% (Willowdale); half of ridings between 2.9% and 12.2%. Canada: 8.8%.

Colour

Find a riding

Canada 8.8%

Chart loading...

Vertical axis: Share of residents who are not Canadian citizens (%)

Each dot is one federal riding (343 with a figure; 2023 Representation Order), placed by its value and spread across the axis so that dots do not overlap. The line marks the value for Canada as a whole (8.8%). Prairies: Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba. Atlantic: New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, and Newfoundland and Labrador. North: Yukon, the Northwest Territories and Nunavut.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population.

Highest and lowest ridings

Share of residents who are not Canadian citizens by federal riding, 2021 Census. 343 ridings ranked from highest (1) to lowest; tied values share a rank. Bars start at zero on one scale; the vertical line marks the value for Canada (8.8%).

10 highest

The 10 ridings with the highest values: share of residents who are not canadian citizens, 2021 Census
Rank	Riding	Value
1	WillowdaleON	28.7%
2	Surrey NewtonBC	28.1%
3	Ville-Marie—Le Sud-Ouest—Île-des-SoeursQC	27.6%
4	Surrey CentreBC	27.2%
5	Vancouver CentreBC	24.6%
6	Don Valley NorthON	24.4%
7	Brampton SouthON	24.0%
7	Burnaby CentralBC	24.0%
7	Spadina—HarbourfrontON	24.0%
10	Brampton WestON	23.8%

10 lowest

The 10 ridings with the lowest values: share of residents who are not canadian citizens, 2021 Census, lowest first
Rank	Riding	Value
342	AvalonNL	0.6%
342	Terra Nova—The PeninsulasNL	0.6%
341	Central NewfoundlandNL	0.7%
339	JonquièreQC	0.8%
339	Sudbury East—Manitoulin—Nickel BeltON	0.8%
332	Desnethé—Missinippi—Churchill RiverSK	0.9%
332	Gaspésie—Les Îles-de-la-Madeleine—ListugujQC	0.9%
332	Lac-Saint-JeanQC	0.9%
332	Laurentides—LabelleQC	0.9%
332	Long Range MountainsNL	0.9%

All 343 ridings, ranked

All ridings ranked by share of residents who are not canadian citizens, 2021 Census, highest first
Rank	Riding	Province or territory	Value
1	Willowdale	Ontario	28.7%
2	Surrey Newton	British Columbia	28.1%
3	Ville-Marie—Le Sud-Ouest—Île-des-Soeurs	Quebec	27.6%
4	Surrey Centre	British Columbia	27.2%
5	Vancouver Centre	British Columbia	24.6%
6	Don Valley North	Ontario	24.4%
7	Brampton South	Ontario	24.0%
7	Burnaby Central	British Columbia	24.0%
7	Spadina—Harbourfront	Ontario	24.0%
10	Brampton West	Ontario	23.8%
10	Outremont	Quebec	23.8%
10	Winnipeg South	Manitoba	23.8%
13	Scarborough—Agincourt	Ontario	22.4%
14	Laurier—Sainte-Marie	Quebec	22.3%
15	Humber River—Black Creek	Ontario	22.0%
16	Toronto Centre	Ontario	21.9%
17	Richmond Centre—Marpole	British Columbia	21.6%
18	Calgary McKnight	Alberta	21.3%
19	Mississauga Centre	Ontario	21.0%
20	Edmonton Southeast	Alberta	20.8%
21	Mount Royal	Quebec	20.6%
22	Brampton—Chinguacousy Park	Ontario	20.4%
22	Scarborough—Woburn	Ontario	20.4%
24	Winnipeg North	Manitoba	20.1%
24	York Centre	Ontario	20.1%
26	Papineau	Quebec	20.0%
27	Vancouver Quadra	British Columbia	19.9%
28	Calgary Skyview	Alberta	19.8%
28	Etobicoke North	Ontario	19.8%
30	Saint-Laurent	Quebec	19.5%
31	Fleetwood—Port Kells	British Columbia	19.4%
32	Brampton Centre	Ontario	19.3%
33	Mississauga—Malton	Ontario	19.1%
33	University—Rosedale	Ontario	19.1%
35	Brampton East	Ontario	18.9%
35	Brampton North—Caledon	Ontario	18.9%
37	Scarborough North	Ontario	18.4%
38	Vancouver Fraserview—South Burnaby	British Columbia	17.7%
39	Bourassa	Quebec	17.4%
39	Scarborough Centre—Don Valley East	Ontario	17.4%
41	Charlottetown	Prince Edward Island	17.3%
41	Waterloo	Ontario	17.3%
43	Don Valley West	Ontario	17.2%
43	Notre-Dame-de-Grâce—Westmount	Quebec	17.2%
45	Mississauga East—Cooksville	Ontario	17.1%
46	Markham—Unionville	Ontario	16.7%
46	Vancouver Granville	British Columbia	16.7%
46	York South—Weston—Etobicoke	Ontario	16.7%
49	Winnipeg Centre	Manitoba	16.6%
50	Richmond Hill South	Ontario	16.5%
50	Saint-Léonard—Saint-Michel	Quebec	16.5%
52	Edmonton Gateway	Alberta	16.4%
52	Richmond East—Steveston	British Columbia	16.4%
54	Vancouver Kingsway	British Columbia	16.3%
55	Mississauga—Erin Mills	Ontario	16.0%
56	New Westminster—Burnaby—Maillardville	British Columbia	15.8%
57	Oakville East	Ontario	15.6%
58	Ahuntsic-Cartierville	Quebec	15.3%
59	Toronto—St. Paul's	Ontario	15.2%
60	Markham—Thornhill	Ontario	15.1%
61	Halifax	Nova Scotia	15.0%
61	London Centre	Ontario	15.0%
61	Scarborough Southwest	Ontario	15.0%
64	Dorval—Lachine—LaSalle	Quebec	14.9%
65	Eglinton—Lawrence	Ontario	14.8%
66	Davenport	Ontario	14.2%
67	Calgary Centre	Alberta	14.1%
68	Edmonton Centre	Alberta	14.0%
68	Regina—Wascana	Saskatchewan	14.0%
68	Windsor West	Ontario	14.0%
71	North Vancouver—Capilano	British Columbia	13.8%
72	Coquitlam—Port Coquitlam	British Columbia	13.7%
72	Ottawa West—Nepean	Ontario	13.7%
74	Kitchener South—Hespeler	Ontario	13.4%
75	Halifax West	Nova Scotia	13.3%
76	Winnipeg South Centre	Manitoba	13.1%
77	Ottawa South	Ontario	13.0%
78	Burnaby North—Seymour	British Columbia	12.9%
78	Hochelaga—Rosemont-Est	Quebec	12.9%
78	Oakville West	Ontario	12.9%
81	Edmonton Riverbend	Alberta	12.8%
82	Thornhill	Ontario	12.7%
83	Aurora—Oak Ridges—Richmond Hill	Ontario	12.5%
84	Delta	British Columbia	12.4%
85	Port Moody—Coquitlam	British Columbia	12.3%
86	Calgary East	Alberta	12.2%
86	Ottawa—Vanier—Gloucester	Ontario	12.2%
88	Regina—Lewvan	Saskatchewan	12.1%
89	Edmonton West	Alberta	12.0%
89	LaSalle—Émard—Verdun	Quebec	12.0%
89	Rosemont—La Petite-Patrie	Quebec	12.0%
92	Brossard—Saint-Lambert	Quebec	11.9%
92	Etobicoke Centre	Ontario	11.9%
92	Vancouver East	British Columbia	11.9%
95	Etobicoke—Lakeshore	Ontario	11.8%
95	Mississauga—Streetsville	Ontario	11.8%
97	Edmonton Strathcona	Alberta	11.7%
97	Saskatoon South	Saskatchewan	11.7%
97	Saskatoon West	Saskatchewan	11.7%
100	Moncton—Dieppe	New Brunswick	11.6%
101	Kitchener Centre	Ontario	11.5%
102	Abbotsford—South Langley	British Columbia	11.4%
102	Saskatoon—University	Saskatchewan	11.4%
102	South Surrey—White Rock	British Columbia	11.4%
105	Edmonton Manning	Alberta	11.3%
106	Cloverdale—Langley City	British Columbia	11.2%
106	Vimy	Quebec	11.2%
108	Calgary Nose Hill	Alberta	11.1%
108	Scarborough—Guildwood—Rouge Park	Ontario	11.1%
110	West Vancouver—Sunshine Coast—Sea to Sky Country	British Columbia	10.9%
111	Elmwood—Transcona	Manitoba	10.7%
111	London West	Ontario	10.7%
113	Edmonton Northwest	Alberta	10.6%
114	Beaches—East York	Ontario	10.5%
114	Hamilton Centre	Ontario	10.5%
116	Calgary Confederation	Alberta	10.4%
116	Longueuil—Charles-LeMoyne	Quebec	10.4%
116	Nepean	Ontario	10.4%
119	Burlington North—Milton West	Ontario	10.3%
119	Edmonton Griesbach	Alberta	10.3%
119	Langley Township—Fraser Heights	British Columbia	10.3%
122	Calgary Heritage	Alberta	10.2%
122	Markham—Stouffville	Ontario	10.2%
124	Louis-Hébert	Quebec	10.0%
124	St. Boniface—St. Vital	Manitoba	10.0%
126	Taiaiako'n—Parkdale—High Park	Ontario	9.9%
127	Calgary Crowfoot	Alberta	9.8%
127	London—Fanshawe	Ontario	9.8%
129	Calgary Signal Hill	Alberta	9.6%
130	Newmarket—Aurora	Ontario	9.5%
131	Mission—Matsqui—Abbotsford	British Columbia	9.4%
132	Hull—Aylmer	Quebec	9.3%
132	Lac-Saint-Louis	Quebec	9.3%
132	Mississauga—Lakeshore	Ontario	9.3%
132	Pierrefonds—Dollard	Quebec	9.3%
136	Hamilton West—Ancaster—Dundas	Ontario	9.2%
136	Honoré-Mercier	Quebec	9.2%
138	Ottawa Centre	Ontario	9.1%
139	Calgary Midnapore	Alberta	8.9%
140	Calgary Shepard	Alberta	8.8%
140	Kanata	Ontario	8.8%
140	Victoria	British Columbia	8.8%
143	Brandon—Souris	Manitoba	8.7%
143	King—Vaughan	Ontario	8.7%
145	Milton East—Halton Hills South	Ontario	8.3%
146	Toronto—Danforth	Ontario	8.2%
147	Guelph	Ontario	8.1%
148	Ajax	Ontario	8.0%
148	Kelowna	British Columbia	8.0%
150	Hamilton Mountain	Ontario	7.9%
150	Québec Centre	Quebec	7.9%
152	Longueuil—Saint-Hubert	Quebec	7.7%
152	Niagara Falls—Niagara-on-the-Lake	Ontario	7.7%
152	Yukon	Yukon	7.7%
155	Fredericton—Oromocto	New Brunswick	7.5%
155	Hamilton East—Stoney Creek	Ontario	7.5%
157	Kildonan—St. Paul	Manitoba	7.4%
157	St. John's East	Newfoundland and Labrador	7.4%
157	Vaughan—Woodbridge	Ontario	7.4%
160	Cambridge	Ontario	7.3%
160	Red Deer	Alberta	7.3%
162	Fort McMurray—Cold Lake	Alberta	7.2%
162	Portage—Lisgar	Manitoba	7.2%
164	Laval—Les Îles	Quebec	7.1%
165	Saint John—Kennebecasis	New Brunswick	7.0%
166	La Pointe-de-l'Île	Quebec	6.9%
166	Regina—Qu'Appelle	Saskatchewan	6.9%
168	Kitchener—Conestoga	Ontario	6.8%
168	Whitby	Ontario	6.8%
170	Sherbrooke	Quebec	6.7%
171	Bow River	Alberta	6.6%
172	Lethbridge	Alberta	6.5%
172	New Tecumseth—Gwillimbury	Ontario	6.5%
172	St. Catharines	Ontario	6.5%
175	Saanich—Gulf Islands	British Columbia	6.4%
176	Windsor—Tecumseh—Lakeshore	Ontario	6.3%
176	Yellowhead	Alberta	6.3%
178	Bowmanville—Oshawa North	Ontario	6.0%
178	Burlington	Ontario	6.0%
178	Esquimalt—Saanich—Sooke	British Columbia	6.0%
181	Airdrie—Cochrane	Alberta	5.9%
181	Middlesex—London	Ontario	5.9%
181	Provencher	Manitoba	5.9%
184	Kingston and the Islands	Ontario	5.8%
185	Pickering—Brooklin	Ontario	5.7%
185	Pitt Meadows—Maple Ridge	British Columbia	5.7%
187	Dartmouth—Cole Harbour	Nova Scotia	5.6%
187	Sackville—Bedford—Preston	Nova Scotia	5.6%
189	Barrie South—Innisfil	Ontario	5.4%
189	Beauport—Limoilou	Quebec	5.4%
189	Grande Prairie	Alberta	5.4%
189	Oshawa	Ontario	5.4%
189	Riding Mountain	Manitoba	5.4%
194	Sudbury	Ontario	5.3%
195	Barrie—Springwater—Oro-Medonte	Ontario	5.2%
196	Alfred-Pellan	Quebec	5.1%
196	Egmont	Prince Edward Island	5.1%
196	Winnipeg West	Manitoba	5.1%
199	Cardigan	Prince Edward Island	5.0%
199	Nanaimo—Ladysmith	British Columbia	5.0%
199	Orléans	Ontario	5.0%
199	Prince George—Peace River—Northern Rockies	British Columbia	5.0%
203	Cowichan—Malahat—Langford	British Columbia	4.8%
203	Kamloops—Thompson—Nicola	British Columbia	4.8%
205	Brantford—Brant South—Six Nations	Ontario	4.7%
205	Carleton	Ontario	4.7%
205	Northwest Territories	Northwest Territories	4.7%
205	Swift Current—Grasslands—Kindersley	Saskatchewan	4.7%
209	Foothills	Alberta	4.6%
209	Souris—Moose Mountain	Saskatchewan	4.6%
211	Columbia—Kootenay—Southern Rockies	British Columbia	4.5%
211	Okanagan Lake West—South Kelowna	British Columbia	4.5%
213	Cariboo—Prince George	British Columbia	4.4%
213	Chilliwack—Hope	British Columbia	4.4%
213	Marc-Aurèle-Fortin	Quebec	4.4%
213	Moose Jaw—Lake Centre—Lanigan	Saskatchewan	4.4%
213	Niagara South	Ontario	4.4%
213	Vaudreuil	Quebec	4.4%
219	Battlefords—Lloydminster—Meadow Lake	Saskatchewan	4.3%
220	Trois-Rivières	Quebec	4.2%
220	Wellington—Halton Hills North	Ontario	4.2%
222	Gatineau	Quebec	4.1%
222	Malpeque	Prince Edward Island	4.1%
222	Yorkton—Melville	Saskatchewan	4.1%
225	Chatham-Kent—Leamington	Ontario	4.0%
225	Dufferin—Caledon	Ontario	4.0%
225	Kamloops—Shuswap—Central Rockies	British Columbia	4.0%
225	Leduc—Wetaskiwin	Alberta	4.0%
225	Medicine Hat—Cardston—Warner	Alberta	4.0%
225	Similkameen—South Okanagan—West Kootenay	British Columbia	4.0%
231	La Prairie—Atateken	Quebec	3.9%
231	Peace River—Westlock	Alberta	3.9%
231	Pontiac—Kitigan Zibi	Quebec	3.9%
234	Battle River—Crowfoot	Alberta	3.8%
234	Prince Albert	Saskatchewan	3.8%
234	Skeena—Bulkley Valley	British Columbia	3.8%
234	Thunder Bay—Superior North	Ontario	3.8%
238	Lakeland	Alberta	3.7%
238	Sydney—Glace Bay	Nova Scotia	3.7%
240	Ponoka—Didsbury	Alberta	3.6%
240	Sherwood Park—Fort Saskatchewan	Alberta	3.6%
240	Vernon—Lake Country—Monashee	British Columbia	3.6%
243	Courtenay—Alberni	British Columbia	3.5%
243	Flamborough—Glanbrook—Brant North	Ontario	3.5%
243	Saint-Hyacinthe—Bagot—Acton	Quebec	3.5%
246	Beauséjour	New Brunswick	3.4%
246	Labrador	Newfoundland and Labrador	3.4%
248	Châteauguay—Les Jardins-de-Napierville	Quebec	3.2%
248	Niagara West	Ontario	3.2%
248	Oxford	Ontario	3.2%
248	Parkland	Alberta	3.2%
248	Sarnia—Lambton—Bkejwanong	Ontario	3.2%
253	North Island—Powell River	British Columbia	3.1%
253	Peterborough	Ontario	3.1%
255	Carlton Trail—Eagle Creek	Saskatchewan	3.0%
255	Charlesbourg—Haute-Saint-Charles	Quebec	3.0%
255	York—Durham	Ontario	3.0%
258	Mont-Saint-Bruno—L’Acadie	Quebec	2.9%
258	St. Albert—Sturgeon River	Alberta	2.9%
258	Thunder Bay—Rainy River	Ontario	2.9%
261	Bay of Quinte	Ontario	2.8%
261	Elgin—St. Thomas—London South	Ontario	2.8%
261	Essex	Ontario	2.8%
261	Perth—Wellington	Ontario	2.8%
265	Thérèse-De Blainville	Quebec	2.7%
266	Bellechasse—Les Etchemins—Lévis	Quebec	2.6%
266	Kings—Hants	Nova Scotia	2.6%
266	Terrebonne	Quebec	2.6%
266	Tobique—Mactaquac	New Brunswick	2.6%
270	Cape Spear	Newfoundland and Labrador	2.5%
270	Drummond	Quebec	2.5%
270	Louis-Saint-Laurent—Akiawenhrahk	Quebec	2.5%
273	Rivière-des-Mille-Îles	Quebec	2.4%
273	Sault Ste. Marie—Algoma	Ontario	2.4%
273	Simcoe—Grey	Ontario	2.4%
276	Churchill—Keewatinook Aski	Manitoba	2.3%
276	Cumberland—Colchester	Nova Scotia	2.3%
278	Cape Breton—Canso—Antigonish	Nova Scotia	2.2%
278	South Shore—St. Margarets	Nova Scotia	2.2%
278	Stormont—Dundas—Glengarry	Ontario	2.2%
281	Haldimand—Norfolk	Ontario	2.1%
281	Selkirk—Interlake—Eastman	Manitoba	2.1%
283	Fundy Royal	New Brunswick	2.0%
283	Kapuskasing—Timmins—Mushkegowuk	Ontario	2.0%
283	Madawaska—Restigouche	New Brunswick	2.0%
283	Saint John—St. Croix	New Brunswick	2.0%
283	Shefford	Quebec	2.0%
288	Acadie—Annapolis	Nova Scotia	1.9%
288	Beauce	Quebec	1.9%
288	Bruce—Grey—Owen Sound	Ontario	1.9%
288	Huron—Bruce	Ontario	1.9%
288	Northumberland—Clarke	Ontario	1.9%
288	Pierre-Boucher—Les Patriotes—Verchères	Quebec	1.9%
294	Beloeil—Chambly	Quebec	1.8%
294	Chicoutimi—Le Fjord	Quebec	1.8%
294	Compton—Stanstead	Quebec	1.8%
294	Mégantic—L’Érable—Lotbinière	Quebec	1.8%
294	Mirabel	Quebec	1.8%
294	Repentigny	Quebec	1.8%
294	Rivière-du-Nord	Quebec	1.8%
294	Simcoe North	Ontario	1.8%
302	Kenora—Kiiwetinoong	Ontario	1.7%
302	Leeds—Grenville—Thousand Islands—Rideau Lakes	Ontario	1.7%
302	Parry Sound—Muskoka	Ontario	1.7%
302	Prescott—Russell—Cumberland	Ontario	1.7%
306	Lévis—Lotbinière	Quebec	1.6%
306	Nipissing—Timiskaming	Ontario	1.6%
306	Saint-Jean	Quebec	1.6%
309	Central Nova	Nova Scotia	1.5%
309	Haliburton—Kawartha Lakes	Ontario	1.5%
309	Joliette—Manawan	Quebec	1.5%
309	Montmorency—Charlevoix	Quebec	1.5%
313	Brome—Missisquoi	Quebec	1.4%
313	Hastings—Lennox and Addington—Tyendinaga	Ontario	1.4%
313	Lanark—Frontenac	Ontario	1.4%
313	Les Pays-d'en-Haut	Quebec	1.4%
313	Richmond—Arthabaska	Quebec	1.4%
318	Montcalm	Quebec	1.3%
319	Abitibi—Baie-James—Nunavik—Eeyou	Quebec	1.2%
319	Abitibi—Témiscamingue	Quebec	1.2%
319	Acadie—Bathurst	New Brunswick	1.2%
319	Algonquin—Renfrew—Pembroke	Ontario	1.2%
319	Beauharnois—Salaberry—Soulanges—Huntingdon	Quebec	1.2%
319	Miramichi—Grand Lake	New Brunswick	1.2%
325	Côte-du-Sud—Rivière-du-Loup—Kataskomiq—Témiscouata	Quebec	1.1%
325	Nunavut	Nunavut	1.1%
325	Portneuf—Jacques-Cartier	Quebec	1.1%
325	Rimouski—La Matapédia	Quebec	1.1%
325	Saint-Maurice—Champlain	Quebec	1.1%
330	Argenteuil—La Petite-Nation	Quebec	1.0%
330	Berthier—Maskinongé	Quebec	1.0%
332	Bécancour—Nicolet—Saurel—Alnôbak	Quebec	0.9%
332	Côte-Nord—Kawawachikamach—Nitassinan	Quebec	0.9%
332	Desnethé—Missinippi—Churchill River	Saskatchewan	0.9%
332	Gaspésie—Les Îles-de-la-Madeleine—Listuguj	Quebec	0.9%
332	Lac-Saint-Jean	Quebec	0.9%
332	Laurentides—Labelle	Quebec	0.9%
332	Long Range Mountains	Newfoundland and Labrador	0.9%
339	Jonquière	Quebec	0.8%
339	Sudbury East—Manitoulin—Nickel Belt	Ontario	0.8%
341	Central Newfoundland	Newfoundland and Labrador	0.7%
342	Avalon	Newfoundland and Labrador	0.6%
342	Terra Nova—The Peninsulas	Newfoundland and Labrador	0.6%

Value: Not Canadian citizens as percentage of total. Riding names link to the riding's dissemination-area map for this topic.

◆

Citizenship & Immigration — 2021 Census

Auto generated. Flag an issue.

Citizenship & Immigration in Canada

Canada admitted over 1.3 million new permanent residents between 2016 and 2021, pushing the immigrant share of the population to its highest level in a century. The 2021 Census found that 23 percent of the population was born abroad, and an additional 3.5 percent were non-permanent residents (international students, temporary workers, asylum claimants). The citizenship topic maps these flows geographically, revealing which ridings are absorbing the country's rapid population growth through immigration.

Non-Citizens

The share of non-Canadian citizens captures both recent immigrants who have not yet naturalized and non-permanent residents. Willowdale leads at 28.7 percent non-citizen, followed by Surrey Newton (28.1%) and Ville-Marie–Le Sud-Ouest (27.3%). The Ville-Marie figure is notable — it includes a large international student population at Montreal's four universities, many of whom are counted as non-permanent residents.

Recent Immigrants (2016–2021)

Ridings with the highest recent immigrant shares are the front line of Canada's immigration system. Spadina–Harbourfront leads at 12.4 percent, where new arrivals concentrate in the dense rental towers of CityPlace and the waterfront. Willowdale (11.8%) and Saint-Laurent (10.7%) follow. Calgary Skyview and Calgary McKnight represent the growing western gateway for immigrants who bypass the traditional Toronto-Vancouver corridor.

Non-Permanent Residents

Non-permanent residents — international students, temporary foreign workers, and asylum claimants — concentrate in downtown university ridings. Ville-Marie–Le Sud-Ouest leads at 16.4 percent, reflecting Montreal's status as a major international student destination. Laurier–Sainte-Marie (13.9%) and Outremont (13.5%) are adjacent Montreal ridings with major university campuses. Surrey Newton and Surrey Centre (both 10.3%) represent the temporary foreign worker pipeline in BC's agriculture and services sectors.

Canadian-Born Population

The ridings with the highest share of non-immigrants (Canadian-born) are the mirror image of the immigrant map. Central Newfoundland and Terra Nova–The Peninsulas (both 98.6%) and Lac-Saint-Jean (98.6%) are communities where immigration has made virtually no demographic impact — fewer than 2 percent of residents were born outside Canada.

Riding Rankings

Highest Non-Citizen Share

Rank	Riding	Non-Citizen %
1	Willowdale	28.7%
2	Surrey Newton	28.1%
3	Ville-Marie–Le Sud-Ouest–Île-des-Soeurs	27.3%
4	Surrey Centre	27.1%
5	Vancouver Centre	24.6%
6	Don Valley North	24.5%
7	Spadina–Harbourfront	24.0%
8	Brampton South	24.0%
9	Outremont	23.8%
10	Brampton West	23.7%

The list splits between immigrant-settlement suburbs (Willowdale, Surrey, Brampton, Don Valley North) and downtown cores with large international student populations (Ville-Marie, Vancouver Centre, Outremont). In these ridings, roughly one in four residents cannot vote in federal elections — a significant democratic representation gap.

Highest Recent Immigrant Share (2016–2021)

Rank	Riding	Recent Immigrant %
1	Spadina–Harbourfront	12.4%
2	Willowdale	11.8%
3	Saint-Laurent	10.7%
4	Calgary Skyview	10.6%
5	Brampton West	10.3%
6	Calgary McKnight	10.0%
7	Vancouver Centre	10.0%
8	Mississauga Centre	9.8%
9	Winnipeg South	9.8%
10	Surrey Centre	9.6%

The presence of two Calgary ridings in the top six reflects Alberta's growing role as an immigrant destination, driven by economic opportunity and a provincial nominee program that has expanded rapidly. Winnipeg South's entry represents Manitoba's aggressive provincial immigration program, which has made Winnipeg one of Canada's fastest-growing immigration destinations per capita.

Highest Non-Permanent Resident Share

Rank	Riding	Non-Permanent %
1	Ville-Marie–Le Sud-Ouest–Île-des-Soeurs	16.4%
2	Laurier–Sainte-Marie	13.9%
3	Outremont	13.5%
4	Vancouver Centre	10.9%
5	Papineau	10.4%
6	Surrey Centre	10.3%
7	Surrey Newton	10.3%
8	Willowdale	9.7%
9	Brampton South	9.7%
10	Winnipeg South	9.3%

Montreal claims three of the top five, driven by international students at McGill, Concordia, UQAM, and the Université de Montréal. Surrey's high rates reflect temporary foreign workers in agriculture and logistics. Since 2021, non-permanent resident numbers have surged further — these census figures represent the beginning, not the peak, of Canada's temporary migration wave.

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population. Riding boundaries reflect the 2022 Federal Electoral Districts. Adapted from Statistics Canada; this does not constitute an endorsement by Statistics Canada of this product.

◆

← Indigenous & Immigration Generation Status →

Source: Statistics Canada, 2021 Census of Population. Adapted from Statistics Canada, Census of Population, 2021. This does not constitute an endorsement by Statistics Canada of this product.